Abstract
Immunotherapy with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In clinical practice, PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry has been implemented as a companion or complementary diagnostic for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents. A widely adopted measure of PD-L1 expression in NSCLC is the tumor proportion score (TPS), defined as the ratio of positive membranous stained tumor cells and the total number of viable tumor cells. Several automatic image analysis algorithms for determining the TPS on the whole slide images (WSI) of NSCLC have been developed recently.
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