EP.WE.1015Management of Boerhaave Syndrome

Abstract

Abstract Aim Boerhaave’s Syndrome is a rare and fatal condition, characterised by a distal oesophageal tear induced by an abrupt rise in intra-luminal pressure. Treatment remains controversial; we present a recent case and review relevant literature. Methods A retrospective analysis of case-notes was performed, and a literature review undertaken on PubMed. Results A 58-year-old male presented as an emergency with severe chest pain, having choked and vomited following the ingestion of steak. Computed tomograpy scan of the thorax demonstrated a large pneumomediastinum associated with an oesophageal perforation on the anterior wall and bilateral pleural effusions. A primary laparoscopic repair was performed with jejunostomy placement for feeding. The post-operative period was complicated by a prolonged stay on intensive care with sepsis secondary to mediastinitis. A contrast swallow performed eleven days post-surgery confirmed no persistent leak and the patient was discharged five days later. Boerhaave’s syndrome accounts for 10% of oesophageal perforations and is typically associated with a history of overindulgence and vomiting. Stable patients with a contained disruption and minimal contamination, can be managed conservatively. Endoscopic therapies include clipping small perforations, self-expanding stents for larger defects, and endoluminal vacuum therapy. Operative interventions comprise primary repair, debridement and drainage of thoracic cavity, diversion operations and single stage resection with or without primary reconstruction. Conclusion Boerhaave’s Syndrome is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, but with early recognition and prompt intervention, patients can be successfully managed. Options include conservative, endoscopic and surgical, depending upon the site and size of the perforation.