Abstract
BackgroundMany peripheral blood biomarkers are associated with glioma grade, but eosinophils (Eo) are scarcely reported. This study assessed preoperative peripheral eosinophil levels and other peripheral biomarkers presented in prior literature, probing their associations and diagnostic value in the grading of glioma, including its most aggressive type, glioblastoma (GBM).MethodsPatients newly diagnosed with neuroepithelial tumors were included and divided into low-grade glioma (LGG)/high-grade glioma (HGG) groups and non-GBM/GBM groups separately. Preoperative peripheral biomarkers were collected, such as the counts of Eo, neutrophils (Neu), and lymphocytes (Ly), and values such as the eosinophil to lymphocyte ratio (ELR) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were calculated. Correlation analyses were also performed between these biomarkers and the groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves were utilized to assess the individual and joint diagnostic values of the biomarkers.ResultsThe HGG patients presented lower Eo and ELR values, which had negative correlations with glioma grade. The diagnostic efficiency of Eo and ELR could be enhanced when combined other biomarkers. In the non-GBM vs GBM analysis, GBM patients displayed reduced Eo and a negative correlation between Eo and a GBM diagnosis The combination of Eo and other biomarkers enhanced the diagnostic efficiency.ConclusionsA negative correlation between peripheral eosinophils and glioma grade was found in our study. Numerous cytokines derived from eosinophils could regulate the immune response and affect the tumor microenvironment; moreover, eosinophils may inhibit the tumorigenesis of glioma, which should be explored in the future and may enlighten some new paths for glioma therapy.
Highlights
Many peripheral blood biomarkers are associated with glioma grade, but eosinophils (Eo) are scarcely reported
We refer to World Health Organization (WHO) grade I-II disease as low-grade glioma (LGG), while grade III-IV is regarded as high-grade glioma (HGG)
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) have been linked to glioma grading in prior studies [6, 7]
Summary
Many peripheral blood biomarkers are associated with glioma grade, but eosinophils (Eo) are scarcely reported. This study assessed preoperative peripheral eosinophil levels and other peripheral biomarkers presented in prior literature, probing their associations and diagnostic value in the grading of glioma, including its most aggressive type, glioblastoma (GBM). Peripheral blood biomarkers, which have the merits of low costs and easy accessibility, have been reported to be associated with the prognosis and grade of many tumors, such as gastric carcinoma [8], lung cancer [9], renal cell carcinoma [10], and glioma [11,12,13]. Biomarkers including the NLR, monocytes to lymphocytes ratio (MLR), platelets to lymphocytes (PLR), albumin (Alb), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) have been used frequently in glioma grading and prognosis in previous studies [11, 14]
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