Abstract
For improving enzyme utilization in biotechnological processes, process costs have to be reduced, enzyme stability during industrial processes should be enhanced, and the recycle and reuse step should be favorable. The immobilization of enzymes is an important step for enhancing enzyme catalytic properties and operational stability. In order to reduce the costs of immobilization and consequently the cost of processes, a cheaper carrier (e.g. materials reclaimed as by-products) should be used. To achieve this, cellulase from Trichoderma sp. was immobilized on biochar obtained by low temperature hydrothermal carbonization (LTHTC) in two ways: by adsorption and by covalent binding via a crosslinking agent. The effect of immobilization time, enzyme concentration, type and concentration of the crosslinking agent and the types of carrier - biochar (LTHTC of waste from olive oil production (LTHTC of OL waste) or LTHTC of cellulose) on the immobilization efficiency and the residual activity of biocatalyst was studied. Higher immobilization efficiency and residual enzyme activity was achieved when the enzyme was covalently bound to biochar obtained by LTHTC of cellulose.
Highlights
Energy shortages, the environmental crisis and rising consumer demands for better materials have led to new research into lightweight, inexpensive, environmentally friendly and non-toxic new functional materials
Cellulase from Trichoderma sp. was immobilized on biochar obtained by low temperature hydrothermal carbonization (LTHTC) in two ways: by adsorption and by covalent binding via a crosslinking agent
The concept of HTC was initially introduced by Friedrich Bergius in 1913.10 Low temperature hydrothermal carbonization (LTHTC) of biomass is a process based on the reaction of biomass with sub-critical water at temperatures up to 250 °C to form nano- and micro-porous carbon structures with reactive surfaces consisting of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups that have potential for binding different compounds
Summary
The environmental crisis and rising consumer demands for better materials have led to new research into lightweight, inexpensive, environmentally friendly and non-toxic new functional materials. Higher immobilization efficiency and residual enzyme activity was achieved when the enzyme was covalently bound to biochar obtained by LTHTC of cellulose.
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