Abstract
Aim:This study was designed to elucidate the histoenzymic distribution of enzymes, i.e., phosphatases, oxidoreductases, dehydrogenases, and diaphorases in cecal lymphoid tissue during its development in the prenatal period.Materials and Methods:The study was conducted on cecum of 15 buffalo fetuses ranging from 16 cm curved crown-rump length (CVRL) (100 days) to 100 cm CVRL (full term). The fetuses were categorized into three groups based on their CVRL.Results:In Group I, the distribution of enzymes was uniformly weak in developing villi-like projections in cecum and completely absent from submucosa. In Group II, the enzymes showed a moderate to strong activity in epithelium lining tunica mucosa which progressively decreased as the fetus progresses toward late gestational age. However, the intense activity of enzymes was observed in developing lymphoid tissue in this group. In Group III, distribution of enzymes reduced in tunica mucosa of cecum with advancing age, whereas the intense activity was noticed in the developed lymphoid tissue complex.Conclusion:The distribution of enzymes was completely absent from submucosal region in cecum of Group I as there was no lymphoid tissue development at this age. In Group II, the enzymes showed a moderate to strong activity in epithelium lining tunica mucosa which progressively decreased toward late gestational age but an intense activity was observed in developing lymphoid tissue. In Group III, distribution of enzymes reduced in tunica mucosa with advancing age with intense activity noticed in the developed lymphoid tissue complex.
Highlights
The alimentary tract is comprised of the highest microflora; as a result, it is important to differentiate potentially harmful pathogens from inhabitant normal gut microflora
The distribution of enzymes was completely absent from submucosal region in cecum of Group I as there was no lymphoid tissue development at this age
In Group II, the enzymes showed a moderate to strong activity in epithelium lining tunica mucosa which progressively decreased toward late gestational age but an intense activity was observed in developing lymphoid tissue
Summary
The alimentary tract is comprised of the highest microflora; as a result, it is important to differentiate potentially harmful pathogens from inhabitant normal gut microflora. In the intestine, the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is present that acts to protect the animal and generate an immune response against the foreign antigens entering the alimentary tract [1]. GALT is composed of lymphoid patches both in the small and large intestine. Cecum contains a part of the lymphoid tissue of large intestine. The cecal lymphoid tissue is in direct contact with the lumen, and the dome epithelium provided both a protective barrier and a route for antigen uptake from the gut [2]. The plasma cells secrete immunoglobulin-A which is added directly into the lumen to provide an immunological response
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