Abstract
Engineered skin that can facilitate tissue repair has been a great advance in the field of wound healing. A well-designed dressing material together with active biological cues such as cells or growth factors can overcome the limitation of using auto-grafts from patients. Recently, many studies showed that human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) can be used to promote wound healing and skin tissue engineering. hASCs have already been widely applied for clinical trials. hASCs can be harvested abundantly because they can be easily isolated from fat tissue known as the stromal vascular fraction (SVF). On the other hand, increasing studies have proven that cells from spheroids can better simulate the biological microenvironment and can enhance the expression of stemness markers. However, a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold that can harbor implanted cells and can serve as a skin-repaired substitute still suffers from deficiency. In this study, we applied a gelatin/microbial transglutaminase (mTG) hydrogel to encapsulate hASC spheroids to evaluate the performance of 3D cells on skin wound healing. The results showed that the hydrogel is not toxic to the wound and that cell spheroids have significantly improved wound healing compared to cell suspension encapsulated in the hydrogel. Additionally, a hydrogel with cell spheroids was much more effective than other groups in angiogenesis since the cell spheroid has the possibility of cell–cell signaling to promote vascular generation.
Highlights
We explored an in situ gelatin hydrogel system encapsulating human adipose stem cells and investigated the effectiveness of wound healing between cell spheroids and cell suspension groups
We evaluate the gelatin hydrogel system with human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) spheroids regarding its wound healing potential through a Wistar rat burn injury wound model
In order to observe the cell viability of the hASCs grown in the 3D hydrogel system, the cell morphology images were taken by microscopy
Summary
Gelatin as an In Situ Scaffold Material for Regeneration. A well-designed scaffold with an appropriate porous structure can be used as a 3D specimen for initial cell adhesion and consecutive tissue formation [3]. The scaffold can be used as an ideal skin substitute for wound regeneration that supports cell migration and leads to blood vessel infiltration [4,5,6]. Polymers 2020, 12, 2997 an essential aspect of scaffolds for tissue engineering. Many in vitro studies focused on determination of the optimal average pore sizes of scaffolds. It was shown that pore sizes of biomaterial scaffolds ranging from 50–300 μm facilitated cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration [7,8]
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