Enzyme activities of Lyme disease and relapsing fever borreliae

Abstract

Activities of glycosidases (n= 8), esterases (n= 10), arylamidases (n= 63), acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and phosphoamidase were tested in 47 Borrelia strains. Forty-four were B. burgdorferi strains; 22 of which were isolated from human specimens (skin 13, cerebrospinal fluid six, and one each from blood, heart muscle and synovia), 13 were isolated from various organs of laboratory animals infected via tick bite or with human isolates, and nine from ticks. The remaining three were the relapsing fever strains B. coriaceae, B. hermsii, and B. turicatae. Strains were of low and high passage but the number of subcultures did not influence the enzyme patterns obtained by utilization of chromogenic substrates of constitutive enzymes. Glycosidase activity was absent in almost all strains tested. Esterase activity was high on molecules of chain length 9 carbons. 2-Naphthylamide derivatives were utilized by strains of human, rodent or tick origin in a range of 66.6 to 83.1%. Almost all strains utilized substrates for acid and alkaline phosphatase and phosphoamidase. Chymotrypsin activity was only found in three and two strains from specimens of human and rodent origin, respectively; and γ-glutamyltransferase activity only in three human skin isolates. No strain tested displayed trypsin activity. Overall, the specific activities of constitutive enzymes of the Borrelia strains tested are widely similar. Thus, the enzyme profiles did not discriminate between human, animal and tick isolates, or between human isolates of Borrelia whether cultivated from cerebrospinal fluid or from skin biopsy of Lyme borreliosis patients.