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Abstract
Aside from being used as stabilizing agents in many processed foods, chemically modified starches may act as functional dietary ingredients. Therefore, development of chemically modified starches that are less digestible in the upper intestinal segments and promote fermentation in the hindgut receives considerable attention. This study aimed to investigate the impact of an enzymatically modified starch (EMS) on nutrient flow, passage rate, and bacterial activity at ileal and post-ileal level. Eight ileal-cannulated growing pigs were fed 2 diets containing 72% purified starch (EMS or waxy cornstarch as control) in a cross-over design for 10 d, followed by a 4-d collection of feces and 2-d collection of ileal digesta. On d 17, solid and liquid phase markers were added to the diet to determine ileal digesta flow for 8 h after feeding. Reduced small intestinal digestion after the consumption of the EMS diet was indicated by a 10%-increase in ileal flow and fecal excretion of dry matter and energy compared to the control diet (P<0.05). Moreover, EMS feeding reduced ileal transit time of both liquid and solid fractions compared to the control diet (P<0.05). The greater substrate flow to the large intestine with the EMS diet increased the concentrations of total and individual short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in feces (P<0.05). Total bacterial 16S rRNA gene abundance was not affected by diet, whereas the relative abundance of the Lactobacillus group decreased (P<0.01) by 50% and of Enterobacteriaceae tended (P<0.1) to increase by 20% in ileal digesta with the EMS diet compared to the control diet. In conclusion, EMS appears to resemble a slowly digestible starch by reducing intestinal transit and increasing SCFA in the distal large intestine.
Highlights
Modified starches (CMS) are common ingredients in processed food items to improve their rheological characteristics and texture [1,2]
Though no differences in ileal flow of ash and protein were observed, pigs fed the enzymatically modified starch (EMS) diet had (P
Apparent ileal flow and post-ileal disappearance of starch were reduced (P
Summary
Modified starches (CMS) are common ingredients in processed food items to improve their rheological characteristics and texture [1,2]. There is considerable concern that these rapidly digestible starches may contribute to chronic health disorders, such as insulin resistance and obesity [3]. Increased hindgut fermentation has been linked to certain health benefits in relation to satiety, insulin secretion, obesity and modulation of the mucosal gene expression response [3, 13, 14]. The latter benefits have attracted the interest in developing foods with elevated concentrations of less digestible starches or RS for incorporation into human diet, and lately, into pig diets [3, 15]
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