Enzymatic Synthesis of Human Milk Fat Substitute - A Review on Technological Approaches.

Hasrul Abdi Abdi Hasibuan,Azis Boing Sitanggang,Purwiyatno Hariyadi,Nuri Andarwulan

doi:10.17113/ftb.59.04.21.7205

Hasrul Abdi Abdi Hasibuan, Azis Boing Sitanggang + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.17113/ftb.59.04.21.7205

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Abstract

SUMMARYHuman milk fat substitute (HMFS) is a structured lipid designed to resemble human milk fat. It contains 60-70% palmitic acid at the sn-2 position and unsaturated fatty acids at the sn-1,3 positions in triacylglycerol structures. HMFS is synthesized by the enzymatic interesterification of vegetable oils, animal fats or a blend of oils. The efficiency of HMFS synthesis can be enhanced through the selection of appropriate substrates, enzymes and reaction methods. This review focuses on the synthesis of HMFS by lipase-catalyzed interesterification and provides a detailed overview of biocatalysts, substrates, synthesis methods, factors influencing the synthesis and purification process for HMFS production. Major challenges and future research in the synthesis of HMFS are also discussed. This review can be used as an information for developing future strategies in producing HMFS.

Highlights

Fat is one component in human milk that gives half of the energy required for babies (1-3).Human milk contains 3-5 % fat containing 98 % of triacylglycerol (TAG) (4-6)
The optimum reacting conditions for Human milk fat substitute (HMFS) synthesis are at substrate molar ratios between TAGs and free fatty acid (FFA) of 1:2-1:14, temperatures of 40-60 °C, enzyme loads of 8-10 % (m/m of the total substrate), and reaction times of 2-24 h in batch process or 1-3 h in continuous process
HMFS is synthesized by the enzymatic interesterification of vegetable oils, animal fats, or blends of oils

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Fat is one component in human milk that gives half of the energy required for babies (1-3). Zou et al (49) produced HMFS containing palmitic acid at the sn-2 position of 58.43 % by acidolysis between solid fraction of basa catfish oil (palmitic acid at the sn-2 position of 60.42 %) and fatty acids from high oleic acid sunflower oil (a mole ratio of 1:6) using Lipozyme RM IM of 12 % (m/m of the total substrate) at 50 °C for 2 h. Faustino et al (76) acidolyzed tripalmitin (purity > 85 %) with fatty acids from camelina oil (a mole ratio of 1:2) at 60 °C for 24 h using R. oryzae lipase immobilized on Lewatit VP OC 1600 of 5 % (m/m of the total substrate) yielding HMFS containing palmitic acid at the sn-2 position of 67.7 %. It is related to the low reaction temperature used (40 °C), lower than the melting point of lard which is 48 °C the solubility of lard is low in isooctane at 40 °C (80)

METHODS AND REACTOR

CONCLUSIONS

Findings

C12: C16: C18: C18: C18: 20: 22