Enzymatic synthesis of blood group A and B trisaccharide analogues

Abstract

Glycosyltransferases A and B utilize the donor substrates UDP-GalNAc and UDP-Gal, respectively, in the biosynthesis of the human blood group A and B trisaccharide antigens from the O(H)-acceptor substrates. These enzymes were cloned as synthetic genes and expressed in Escherichia coli, thereby generating large quantities of enzyme for donor specificity evaluations. The amino acid sequence of glycosyltransferase A only differs from glycosyltransferase B by four amino acids, and alteration of these four amino acid residues (Arg-176→Gly, Gly-235→Ser, Leu-266→Met and Gly-268→Ala) can change the donor substrate specificity from UDP-GalNAc to UDP-Gal. Crossovers in donor substrate specificity have been observed, i.e., the A transferase can utilize UDP-Gal and B transferase can utilize UDP-GalNAc donor substrates. We now report a unique donor specificity for each enzyme type. Only A transferase can utilize UDP-GlcNAc donor substrates synthesizing the blood group A trisaccharide analog α- d-Glc p-NAc-(1→3)-[α- l-Fuc p-(1→2)]-β- d-Gal p-O-(CH 2) 7CH 3 ( 4). Recombinant blood group B was shown to use UDP-Glc donor substrates synthesizing blood group B trisaccharide analog α- d-Glc p-(1→3)-[α- l-Fuc p-(1→2)]-β- d-Gal p-O-(CH 2) 7CH 3 ( 5). In addition, a true hybrid enzyme was constructed (Gly-235→Ser, Leu-266→Met) that could utilize both UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-Glc. Although the rate of transfer with UDP-GlcNAc by the A enzyme was 0.4% that of UDP-GalNAc and the rate of transfer with UDP-Glc by the B enzyme was 0.01% that of UDP-Gal, these cloned enzymes could be used for the enzymatic synthesis of blood group A and B trisaccharide analogs 4 and 5.