Abstract
Simultaneous detection of correlated multi-biomarkers on a single low-cost platform in ultra-low fluid volumes with robustness is in growing demand for the development of wearable diagnostics. A non-faradaic biosensor for the simultaneous detection of alcohol, glucose, and lactate utilizing low volumes (1–5 μL) of sweat is demonstrated. Biosensing is implemented using nanotextured ZnO films integrated on a flexible porous membrane to achieve enhanced sensor performance. The ZnO sensing region is functionalized with enzymes specific for the detection of alcohol, glucose, and lactate in the ranges encompassing their physiologically relevant levels. A non-faradaic chronoamperometry technique is used to measure the current changes associated with interactions of the target biomarkers with their specific enzyme. The specificity performance of the biosensing platform was established in the presence of cortisol as the non-specific molecule. Biosensing performance of the platform in a continuous mode performed over a 1.5-h duration showed a stable current response to cumulative lifestyle biomarker concentrations with capability to distinguish reliably between low, mid, and high concentration ranges of alcohol (0.1, 25, 100 mg/dL), glucose (0.1, 10, 50 mg/dL), and lactate (1, 50, 100 mM). The low detection limits and a broader dynamic range for the lifestyle biomarker detection are quantified in this research demonstrating its suitability for translation into a wearable device.
Highlights
The market for wearable diagnostic devices is projected to rapidly ascend by 23 percent yearly to over $100 billion by 2023 and exceed $150 billion by 2026 [1]
A charged electrode in contact with an electrolyte results in the formation of electrical double layer (EDL) that is equivalent to a capacitance system
We have evaluated the non-specific responses of the biosensing platform in the presence of cortisol to assess the robustness of the platform in detecting the target biomarkers
Summary
The market for wearable diagnostic devices is projected to rapidly ascend by 23 percent yearly to over $100 billion by 2023 and exceed $150 billion by 2026 [1]. Wearables enable users to receive personalized health data on a range of medical parameters utilizing an approach that non-invasively and seamlessly acquires data on specific digital biomarkers to monitor parameters such as physical activity and heart rate [2]. This wearable technology allows for users to directly obtain information regarding their own bodies and, subsequently, be able to act permitting for self-diagnosis, predictive preventive care, and management of health conditions [3].
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