Abstract
In this work, the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from crambe oil by enzyme interesterification assisted by ultrasound was investigated. The experiments evaluated the effect of temperature, reaction time, methyl acetate (MA)/oil molar ratio, enzyme loading, catalyst reuse and influence of ultrasound. The best results were obtained at 60°C, temperature at which the reaction reached equilibrium in 6h. FAME yield was maximal at MA/oil molar ratio of 12 and the enzyme loading of 20wt% (relative to oil mass) gave the best yields. The use of methyl acetate promoted the enzyme stability throughout successive cycles, with a decrease of only 10% and 8% in FAME yield and enzymatic activity. The results allow us to conclude that ultrasound reduced total reaction time and percentage of enzyme loading, when compared to the process without ultrasound.
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