Abstract
A reduction of the cost of enzymatic biodiesel is crucial to make it competitive with known technologies. A single-step process for the conversion of high free fatty acid oils into fatty acid ethyl esters using a low-cost lipase was developed.
Highlights
Meeting the demand for sustainable energy with minimum environmental impacts is a major area of concern in the energy sector
The reduction of the cost of enzymatic biodiesel is crucial to make it competitive with more well-known and settle technologies; there is a need for a single-step process for the conversion of high free fatty acid oils into fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) using a low-cost lipase
The fatty acid ethyl ester profile was measured by capillary column gas chromatography, using a Hewlett-Packard 5890 series II equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID)
Summary
Meeting the demand for sustainable energy with minimum environmental impacts is a major area of concern in the energy sector. The enzymatic pathway to produce biodiesel using low-cost, high free fatty acid oils has attracted much attention recently due to its environmental benefits such as sustainability, renewability, green nature, minimum water and energy consumption and capability of treating waste oil This is in line with the latest steps that scientific community is taking and industries, which are moving towards the use and development of environmentally benign or ‘‘green’’ approaches. Biodiesel production using liquid enzyme Eversa Transform as the catalyst, without enzyme reuse, resulted in a production cost of 0.78 US$ kgÀ1, corresponding to a profit of 51.6 million US$ yearÀ1, for an annual biodiesel production of 250 000 tons.[45] In this context, high free fatty acid non-edible Jatropha oil was used as a cheap feedstock, and a direct single-step enzymatic-catalysed process to produce a high-quality biodiesel was carried out using Eversa as the catalyst and bioethanol as the alcohol. The methodology has been used extensively to develop and optimize different ester synthesis processes.[47,48]
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