Abstract
Hydrocarbons or crude oil contamination of soil is still a burning problem around the globe. The herbs competent that are to survive in hydrocarbons contaminated habitats have some adaptive advantages to cope up with the adverse situations prevailing in that environment. In the present study, the adaptive response of Cyperus brevifolius in the heavily polluted soil with crude oil has been investigated in terms of survivability, changes in productivity, antioxidants, phytochemicals and functional group pro files of the plant species. Besides, changes in enzymes, beneficial bacterial population and physico-chemical conditions of contaminated soil were also studied during 60 days of experimental trials. The results showed significant enhancement in activities of soil dehydrogenase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, catalase, and amylase whereas reduction in cellulase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities. There was a significant increase in nitrogen fixing, phosphate and potassium solubilizing bacterial population, improvement in physico-chemical conditions and a decrease in total oil and grease (TOG) levels. Besides there was significant variations in the productivity parameters and antioxidant profiles of Cyperus brevifolius in hydrocarbons stress condition suggesting enzymatic defense of the herb. The fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis indicated uptake and metabolism of some hydrocarbon components by the experimental plant from the hydrocarbons polluted soil.
Highlights
65–75 g/kg was found feasible by Cyperus brevifolius in crude oil contaminated field[10]
The herb species Cyperus brevifolius shows significant changes in antioxidant and phytochemical profiles to adapt in the aged crude oil contaminated soil
The altered values of antioxidant and phytochemical contents along with physico-chemical properties clearly confirm that the herb species Cyperus brevifolius have the potential to adapt with the stress condition induced due to crude oil contamination
Summary
65–75 g/kg was found feasible by Cyperus brevifolius in crude oil contaminated field[10]. The success of any plant-based technique depends upon the survivability of plants in heavily contaminated soil under field condition In this context, the understanding of plant’s adaptive response as well as enzymatic defense mechanism during crude oil reclamation process is necessary and a planned study is required. It is assumed that Cyperus brevifolius have ability to exhibit strong enzymatic defense to avoid hydrocarbon associated abiotic stress and improves soil condition by up taking/detoxifying the pollutants from the contaminated soil. Keeping this in mind, the present work was designed to investigate the enzymatic defense process of Cyperus brevifolius in aged/heavily polluted soil with crude oil. The survivability, productivity, phyto-chemical contents as well as changes in functional groups of the plant species, oil and grease contents and physico-chemical conditions of the contaminated soil have been investigated during the study
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