Abstract
Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of enzyme combinations in diets, with different nutritional uplift matrices, for hens raised in an alternative cage-free system. The experiment was carried out with 800 Isa Brown laying hens aged 24-30 weeks, distributed in a 2x2 factorial arrangement, with two combinations of enzymes (phytase and xylanase) and two nutritional matrices (conventional and overvalued uplifts). The treatments were: T1, phytase (450 FTU per kilogram) + xylanase (12,000 BXU per kilogram), using matrix I (100 Kcal kg-1 apparent metabolizable energy, 0.16% calcium, 0.15% available phosphorus, 0.03 sodium, and 0.02% digestible lysine); T2, phytase (1,500 FTU per kilogram) and matrix I; T3, phytase (450 FTU per kilogram) + xylanase (12,000 BXU per kilogram), using matrix II (120 Kcal kg-1 apparent metabolizable energy, 0.22% calcium, 0.20% available phosphorus, 0.04% sodium, and 0.05% digestible lysine); and T4, phytase (1,500 FTU per kilogram) and matrix II. Productive performance variables and external and internal egg quality were analyzed. The use of phytase or of the phytase + xylanase combination, independently of the nutritional matrix used, met the nutrient requirements of the animals and maintained their productive performance. However, the combination phytase + xylanase and the adoption of matrix I was more efficient.
Highlights
For example, can have a negative impact on voluntary feed intake, which may lead to undernourishment caused by a reduced absorption of energy, as well as of macro- and micronutrients. This negative effect may be explained by the lack of endogenous enzymes to digest fiber, resulting in a reduced nutrient availability
All productive performance variables for the specific phase evaluated are within the range suggested by the Isa Brown – Management Guide (ISA, 2007)
This means that phytase (1,500 FTU per kilogram) alone or the combination phytase (450 FTU per kilogram) + xylanase (12,000 birch xylan units (BXU) per kilogram), independently of the used nutritional uplift, guaranteed the productive performance of the birds according to their potential
Summary
Brazilian egg production has been growing fast and reached 49 billion units in 2019, with a consumption per capita of 230 units per year (ABPA, 2020).recently, European Union countries have enacted laws on animal welfare that set strict criteria for poultry farming, such as the ban of laying cages, and the world trend has been to follow this cage-free standard (Weeks et al, 2016).Among the new strategies for egg production is the free-range system, which allows accessing paddocks with grasses that offer benefits to laying hens, such as: the establishment of social and hierarchical relationships; an increased repertoire of activities, including foraging and investigating; and a greater space and freedom to express behaviors that are considered essential for these animals (Lay Jr et al, 2011).In the free-range system, birds need balanced diets that meet their nutritional requirements for maximum productive efficiency (Tutkun et al, 2018). Among the new strategies for egg production is the free-range system, which allows accessing paddocks with grasses that offer benefits to laying hens, such as: the establishment of social and hierarchical relationships; an increased repertoire of activities, including foraging and investigating; and a greater space and freedom to express behaviors that are considered essential for these animals (Lay Jr et al, 2011). For example, can have a negative impact on voluntary feed intake, which may lead to undernourishment caused by a reduced absorption of energy, as well as of macro- and micronutrients. This negative effect may be explained by the lack of endogenous enzymes to digest fiber, resulting in a reduced nutrient availability. Exogenous enzyme supplementation may be a solution to overcome the low nutrient availability due to an uncontrolled fiber intake by free-range layers (Iqbal et al, 2018)
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