Enzymatic antioxidant response of a labrid fish ( Coris julis) liver to environmental caulerpenyne

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Exposure of marine animals to certain toxic compounds can enhance reactive oxygen species production with subsequent damage to macromolecules and alterations in oxidant defenses levels. Caulerpenyne is the major metabolite synthesized by Caulerpa species, used as chemical defense affecting several cellular and molecular targets. We assessed the changes produced by the presence of Caulerpa spp. in the activities of antioxidant enzymes as well as lipid peroxidation levels in liver of the teleost Coris julis. Fish were captured at two stations with Caulerpa species– Caulerpa taxifolia and Caulerpa prolifera–and at a region with the seagrass Posidonia oceanica as negative control. Caulerpenyne concentration was significantly higher in C. prolifera than in C. taxifolia ( p < 0.05). Glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities were significantly higher in both Caulerpa stations compared to the P. oceanica ( p < 0.05). No statistical difference ( p > 0.05) existed in catalase activity between groups. Glutathione reductase activity is significantly higher in C. prolifera station than in C. taxifolia ( p < 0.05). Despite the variations in the antioxidant enzyme activities, there was no significant difference in malondialdehyde concentration. In conclusion, the production of caulerpenyne by Caulerpa species could induce an antioxidant adaptation in the liver of C. julis in order to prevent oxidative damage.