Abstract
Recently, the use of Aloe species has become very widespread. These are extensively used as a nutraceutical in a variety of health care products and food supplements. In addition, the occurrence of the quickly adaptable microorganisms, particularly bacteria, which can develop resistance to antibiotics, is a major problem for public health, and therefore, it is necessary to search for new antimicrobials. In our study, the content of total phenols, proanthocyanidins, and proteins in fresh and lyophilized samples of A. arborescens and A. barbadensis and their ethanol extracts was investigated. Furthermore, enzymatic and antioxidant activity of samples were studied. Since antimicrobial activity of fresh samples was determined in our latest research, a more detailed study of antimicrobial effectiveness of A. arborescens and A. barbadensis (lyophilized, extracts) was performed. Ethanol extracts in particular contain higher concentrations of bioactive substances and show the topmost antioxidant activity. The novelty of the study refers to the observation of industrially important enzyme activities such as α-amylase, cellulase, lipase, peroxidase, protease, and transglutaminase in the samples as well as the microbial growth inhibition rates determination (MGIR) at different concentrations of added aloe samples. All samples inhibited the growth of all tested microbial cells. MIC90 for A. arborescens and A. barbadensis were also determined in case of B. cereus, P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, and S. aureus. The results of our study tend to give credence to the popular use of both aloes in medicine and in the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries.
Highlights
Much of today’s biomass on planet Earth is represented by microbes
The results of our research demonstrated the presence of bioactive substances such as phenolics, proanthocyanidins, and enzymes in samples of A. arborescens and A. barbadensis
The results have proved A. arborescens and A. barbadensis to hold excellent potential as antimicrobial agents
Summary
Much of today’s biomass on planet Earth is represented by microbes. They are not perceived by the human eye, they are extremely influential in people’s lives. Many microbes constitute the natural microbial flora in the human body. Microbes are important for the functioning of the human body because they participate in the food chain and other important processes [1,2]. These are dangerous to humans and can cause diseases. Diseases caused by pathogens are a major problem for human health. Antibiotics that treat bacterial infections are no longer so effective because of microorganisms’ property of being able to develop drug resistance. Bacteria adapt quickly and negate the effects
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