Abstract
Lead halide perovskites are currently widely investigated as active materials in photonic and optoelectronic devices. While the lack of long term stability actually limits their application to commercial devices, several experiments demonstrated that beyond the irreversible variation of the material properties due to degradation, several possibilities exist to reversibly modulate the perovskite characteristics by acting on the environmental conditions. These results clear the way to possible applications of lead halide perovskites to resistive and optical sensors. In this review we will describe the current state of the art of the comprehension of the environmental effects on the optical and electronic properties of lead halide perovskites, and of the exploitation of these results for the development of perovskite-based sensors.
Highlights
The field of the development of chemical sensors has undergone a significant expansion in the last decade and it is currently one of the most active research area in nanoscience
The possibility to use the sensor in simple working conditions, requires the capability to operate at room temperatures without the need for an external trigger, and good stability to external conditions; low-cost and facile fabrication processes are important for the development of cheap devices with a long operational lifetime
This behavior confirms that the interaction mechanism between CsPbBr3 perovskite NCs and molecular oxygen is clearly different from the process leading to the photobrightening observed in perovskites films and single crystals when exposed to oxygen, which is ascribed to the passivation of defect states by adsorption of O2 molecules on the sample surface
Summary
The field of the development of chemical sensors has undergone a significant expansion in the last decade and it is currently one of the most active research area in nanoscience. A further drawback of metal oxide resistive sensors is the typical need for pre-treatments in order to induce the sensing properties and the need for expensive deposition techniques for the realization of the sensing devices [8] For these reasons, the research aiming to develop novel active materials for sensing, able to combine cheap deposition, high sensitivity and the capability to operate at room temperature is still running. Another interesting aspect of lead halide perovskites for sensors development is related to their tendency to form films with pores on the surface, potentially allowing an efficient superficial interaction with gas species and improving gas adsorption and evacuation These features could be important to allow fast sensor response and recovery times and high sensitivity even at room temperature [49]. We will focus on the reversible modulation of electrical and optical properties of perovskites, that can be exploited for the development of perovskite gas sensors giving an almost complete overview of the tested devices
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