Environmentally Safe Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Plant Water Extracts.

Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi,Abbas Rahdar,Sadanand Pandey,Gholam Hosein Shahidi Bonjar,Roohollah Abdolshahi,Akbar Hosseinipour

doi:10.3390/nano11082033

Abstract

Due to their simplicity of synthesis, stability, and functionalization, low toxicity, and ease of detection, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are a natural choice for biomedical applications. AuNPs’ unique optoelectronic features have subsequently been investigated and used in high-tech applications such as organic photovoltaics, sensory probes, therapeutic agents, the administration of drugs in biological and medical applications, electronic devices, catalysis, etc. Researchers have demonstrated the biosynthesis of AuNPs using plants. The present study evaluates 109 plant species used in the traditional medicine of Middle East countries as new sources of AuNPs in a wide variety of laboratory environments. In this study, dried samples of bark, bulb, flower, fruit, gum, leaf, petiole, rhizome, root, seed, stamen, and above-ground parts were evaluated in water extracts. About 117 plant parts were screened from 109 species in 54 plant families, with 102 extracts demonstrating a bioreduction of Au3+ to Au0, revealing 37 new plant species in this regard. The color change of biosynthesized AuNPs to gray, violet, or red was confirmed by UV-Visible spectroscopy, TEM, FSEM, DLS, and EDAX of six plants. In this study, AuNPs of various sizes were measured from 27 to 107 nm. This study also includes an evaluation of the potency of traditional East Asian medicinal plants used in this biosynthesis of AuNPs. An environmentally safe procedure such as this could act as a foundation for cosmetic industries whose quality assessment systems give a high priority to non-chemically synthesized products. It is crucial that future optimizations are adequately documented to scale up the described process.

Highlights

IntroductionAs defined by the European Commission (EC), nanomaterials are particles that have at least 50% of their number, which is measured in one or more external dimensions, with a size distribution of less than 100 nm
We report 27 medicinal plant species of the Middle East to be new bioresources in the biosynthesis of AuNPs
Despite the progressive growth of reports on the introduction of potent plants in the biosynthesis of AuNPs, there is a wide range of unknown valuable medicinal plants that have not yet been evaluated for the biosynthesis of AuNPs. To minimize such a gap of information, we aimed to (1) Screen common medicinal plants, which can mediate the biosynthesis of AuNPs; (2) Evaluate 117 plant parts from 109 plant species of 54 families for their ability to reduce Au3+ to Au0 ; and (3) Perform an instrumental characterization of six biosynthesized samples of AuNPs by UV-Visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FSEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), and

Summary

Introduction

As defined by the European Commission (EC), nanomaterials are particles that have at least 50% of their number, which is measured in one or more external dimensions, with a size distribution of less than 100 nm. Nanomaterials are particles of one or more dimensions of 1–100 nm [1]. Green nano-biotechnology aims to construct nanoparticles (NPs) in environmentally safe methods. This approach has attracted the interest in researchers in many related fields such as medicine, biology, and microbiology [2,3,4]. Have been widely studied by many researchers for their phenomenal properties [5,6,7,8]. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), among these, are an exciting topic to research because of their stability and

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion