Environmentally proved methods of cascade conversion of organic waste using a microbial complex with filamentous fungi

Abstract

The article deals with the problem of microbial bioconversion as an effective way to utilize organic waste in relation to the industrial poultry industry. At modern poultry farms, with the implementation of an intensive technology for growing poultry, the main type of waste that could limit the scale of production is significant scale of waste litter. The cellulose and lignin components that make up the waste material and litter mass are hardly decomposable substrates. The article contains information on the results of examining the parameters of microbial processes that ensure the degradation of organic matter, including, in addition to the actual poultry litter, a significant proportion of natural components. The advantages and dynamics of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the aboriginal microflora of waste have been defined. The methods of the developed recycling technology, which is a cascade process of destruction of the waste material components, are described. Destructive processes are provided by the work of a kind of biological conveyor where various systematic and ecological-trophic groups of microorganisms have been applied. Consecutively realized fermentation provides the most efficient conversion of the substance by analogy with natural reduction and soil-forming processes. The efficiency of the use of ammonifying and nitrifying bacteria, as well as the cellulolytic and lignolytic potential of actinomycetes and filamentous fungi variates at the stage of decomposition that is optimal for each destructor has been examined. Bioconversion allows to ensure a waste mass loss of up to 30-33% of the original, to reduce emissions into the atmosphere of significant amounts of ammonia and amines, which have a characteristic pungent odor, thereby reducing social tension in the areas located closely to the storage sites. The final product of the cascade biodegradation is biocompost, which corresponds to the physicochemical parameters of organomineral fertilizer.