Abstract
The demand for exploitation of new plasticizers and coalescents to be used for production of water dispersion adhesives based on poli(vinyl acetate), turned to be recently of particular significance because the use of all kind of toxic phthalates was banned and certain restrictions were made to use glycol derivatives classified as volatile organic compounds. An alternative for toxic plasticizers used for production of adhesives is hydroxyester (HE-1) obtained from isobutanal during the process of aldol condensation under subsequent Cannizaro and Tischenko reactions.The paper presents selected results of ecotoxicological tests on the environmental impact of hydroxyester HE-1. It was found that the substance is biodegradable and has no negative impact on algae growth rate, however it may inhibit algae biomass growth. The results of Daphnia immobilization test shows that the substance is safe for the aquatic environment. Whereas, at higher concentrations, hydroxyester HE-1 may exhibit acute toxicity to rainbow trout.
Highlights
The solvents are mainly applied for production of protective coatings
The list of all ecotoxicological tests conducted for hydoxyester HE-1 is as fallows: - Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, growth inhibition test according to OECD guideline [17], - Daphnia magna, acute immobilization test according to OECD guideline [18], - Rainbow trout, acute toxicity test according to OECD guideline [19], - Earthworm, acute toxicity test according to OECD guideline 207 [20], - Active sludge, respiration inhibition test according to OECD guideline 209 [21], - Soil microorganisms: nitrogen transformation test according to OECD guideline [22], - Soil microorganisms: carbon transformation test according to OECD guideline [23], - Ready biodegradability according to OECD guideline 301 [24]
The obtained ErC50 was above 80 mg/dm3, which means that hydroxyester HE-1 has no negative impact on the aquatic environment
Summary
The solvents are mainly applied for production of protective coatings Their large chemical variety includes liquid hydrocarbons and organochlorines, which due to their physicochemical properties are a significant burden to the natural environment [1]. An important legislation in this field is the European Directive 2004/42/EC, so-called “Decopaint Directive”, which entered into force on 1 January 2007 [2]. It concerns emission reduction of solvents from decopaints and automotive lacquers classified as volatile organic compounds (VOC), which were previously not covered by the restrictions of the Directive no. It concerns emission reduction of solvents from decopaints and automotive lacquers classified as volatile organic compounds (VOC), which were previously not covered by the restrictions of the Directive no. 1999/13/EC on reduction of solvent emission [3].
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