Environmentally Friendly Methods and Technologies of Bioconversion of Organic Wastes from Agro-Industrial Complex for Production of New Types of Organic Fertilizers

Abstract

The effectiveness of the use of traditional and intensive technologies for the aerobic processing of compost mixtures based on sewage sludge (SS), peat and activators of biothermal processes was studied. It was found that the recycling of waste in clamps using traditional technology did not provide high-temperature sanitation of compost mixtures. Intensive aerobic processing in fermentation chambers activated biothermal processes, ensured reliable disinfection of the compost mixture, which included bird droppings, soil, peat. The production of biocompost met the requirements of GOST R 55570, GOST R 54651, EU Regulation No. 2019/1009, the National standard of Canada CAN/BNQ 0413-200. In comparison with processing in clamps, intensive aeration carried out in an extremely short time was accompanied by lower losses in compost mixtures of organic matter, nitrogen (by an average of 10%), an increase in the content of mobile potassium, selective accumulation of mobile forms of heavy metals (copper, zinc, lead), which did not affect phytotoxicity of biocompost.