Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) have obtained a greatest significant in human lives owing to their important roles in various high technology applications. The present method development was deal technology important REEs such as neodymium, terbium and dysprosium, selective extraction with possible separation and recovery studies, successfully. The chloride mediated mixed aqueous solution containing 1500 mg/L each of REEs such as Nd, Tb and Dy was subjected at selective separation of Nd from other associated REEs. Three organo-phosphorous based commercial extracting agents such as Cyanex 272, PC 88A and D2EHPA, were employed for the extraction, possible separation and recovery of rare earth elements. A comparative extraction behavior of all these three extractants as function of time, pH influence, extractant concentration, temperature and diluents were systematically investigated. The extraction tendency of organo-phosphorus reagents towards the extraction of either of the REEs follows of the sequence as: D2EHPA > PC 88A > Cyanex 272. The thermodynamic behavior of either of the extractants on liquid–liquid extraction processing of REEs was investigated and thermodynamic calculations were calculated and presented. Substantial recovery of neodymium oxalate followed by its calcined product as neodymium oxide was ascertained from XRD study and SEM–EDS analysis.
Highlights
Rare earth elements (REEs) have obtained a greatest significant in human lives owing to their important roles in various high technology applications
The hydrometallurgical processing technology methodologies routed through leaching, solvent extraction and precipitation are often preferred as promising techniques for recovering REEs from these secondary wastes including batteries, spent magnets, e-wastes and others which have a number of advantages over pyro-metallurgical route
The results showed that the chemical composition of the diluent might affect the extraction efficiency
Summary
To investigate the complex formation of all three rare earth elements Dy, Tb and Nd with organo-phosphorous reagents, the spectra of the organic phases was recorded before and after extraction by FT-IR and results are as shown in the Fig. 4. Keeping in view of obtaining clean separation with enriched extraction of Nd from the resulted raffinate phase, further the extraction isotherm plot was assembled at 0.8 mol/L of D2EHPA and results are as shown in Supplementary Data file Fig. S3a. This plot predicted on quantitative extraction of Nd at A:O = 4:1in two stages. Rare earths Nd, Dy, Y Nd, Dy Nd, Pr Nd Nd, Dy Y, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy Ce, La, Nd, Pr Pr, Nd Nd, Pr, Dy La, Nd, Sm, Gd Nd, Dy, Pr, Gd, Co, and B
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