Abstract
The templated preparation of hollow nanomaterials has received broad attention. However, many templates are expansive, environmentally-harmful, along with involving a complicated preparation process. Herein, we present a cost-effective, environmentally friendly and simple approach for making carbonaceous particles which have been demonstrated as efficient templates for preparing hollow nanospheres. Natural biomass, such as wheat or corn, is used as the source only, and thus other chemicals are not needed. The carbonaceous particles possess abundant hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, enabling them to efficiently adsorb metal ions in solution. The prepared SnO2 hollow spheres were used in a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery anode, and as the sensing layer of a gas sensor, respectively. After charge–discharge for 200 times at a rate of 1 C, the anodes exhibit a stable capacity of 500 mAh g−1, and a Coulombic efficiency as high as 99%. In addition, the gas sensor based on the SnO2 hollow spheres shows a high sensing performance towards ethanol gas. It is expected that the presented natural biomass-derived particles and their green preparation method will find more applications for broad research fields, including energy-storage and sensors.
Highlights
Since the discovery of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes, carbonaceous materials have attracted considerable attention, owing to their fascinating properties and applications [1,2,3]
Carbonaceous particles can be applied as templates for fabricating a large variety of hollow and porous spheres, including metal oxides (e.g., ZnO, TiO2, SnO2, CeO2, etc.) which could greatly enhance their performance in electronic devices [7,8,9,10,11,12]
The wheat- and corn-derived samples are similar in morphology, which is a narrow size distribution from 650 to 800 nm. This is confirmed by the Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) photographs, as shown in spherical with a narrow size distribution from 650 to 800 nm
Summary
Since the discovery of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes, carbonaceous materials have attracted considerable attention, owing to their fascinating properties and applications [1,2,3]. The preparation of carbonaceous particles, and further exploring their potential applications, have attracted extensive attention [13,14]. Xiao and co-workers showed a convenient and green strategy for the synthesis of highly. Xiao and showed convenient and green strategy forasthe synthesis highly luminescent andco-workers water-soluble carbon adots, by carbonizing precursors, such. Bovine serumofalbumin luminescent and water-soluble carbon dots, by Hao carbonizing precursors, such green as Bovine serum nanoparticles, in water solution [18]. Pd) particles by using the the carbonof source and reducing addition, Renmetal et al Fe-containing vitamin B2 salt as metal the carbon source and reducing agent [19]. Al. in situ zinc–trimesic acid organic framework fibers, they were able to getRen theet
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