Abstract
Organic/inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskite solar cells have recently emerged as the forerunner in the next generation of photovoltaic technology due to unprecedented progress in power conversion efficiency from their debut of 3.8% in 2009 to the currently certified 23.3%. Mixed PSC solar cells are subject to compositional degradation when exposed to ambient surroundings, which thwarts their real-world applications. Moreover, lead-based compounds pose environmental/health hazards. Very recently, all-inorganic lead-free perovskites have attracted enormous attention because this type successfully dismantles two roadblocks—instability and toxicity, which would accelerate the commercialization. In this outlook, we offered our perspective on the most recent developments in material sciences of halides all inorganic perovskites with possible alternatives to lead, the synthesis approaches, assessment of various device configurations and their progress in solar cells. For the sake of comparison, we also reviewed some all-inorganic but lead-based counterparts in order to motivate researchers to explore all the potentials. Surveying recent developments toward lead-free all-inorganic perovskite solar cells would offer a roadmap for developing new materials and navigate uncharted territory in solar energy fields.
Highlights
In a world seeking cost effective, processable, efficient and versatile solar cells to mitigate the energy crisis, the rise of solar cell materials called perovskites has excited the photovoltaic research community because their efficiency at converting sunlight into electricity has soared from their debut of 3.8% in 2009 [1] to the currently certified 23.3% [2]
We summarized the Advances in Materials 2019; 8(4): 142-155 photovoltaic studies on the possible avenues to tackle the instability and toxicity of perovskite solar cell (PSC) including alternatives to lesser lead or lead-free stabilized perovskites, synthesis approaches, assessment of various device configurations and their photovoltaic (PV) performance
For the thin perovskite films, co-evaporation is required under the pressure of 10-6 mbar, the crucible with CsI is heated to 70°C
Summary
In a world seeking cost effective, processable, efficient and versatile solar cells to mitigate the energy crisis, the rise of solar cell materials called perovskites has excited the photovoltaic research community because their efficiency at converting sunlight into electricity has soared from their debut of 3.8% in 2009 [1] to the currently certified 23.3% [2]. It has been claimed that the advent of PSCs has broken the dawn of a new era in optoelectronic technologies. In spite of their tantalizing prospects, organic-inorganic hybrid halide PSCs are subject to compositional degradation when exposed to ambient surroundings. We summarized the Advances in Materials 2019; 8(4): 142-155 photovoltaic studies on the possible avenues to tackle the instability and toxicity of PSCs including alternatives to lesser lead or lead-free stabilized perovskites, synthesis approaches, assessment of various device configurations and their photovoltaic (PV) performance. The potential development trend was envisioned to inspire the new material discovery and novel design for devices
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