Abstract
In most previous studies in underwater acoustics, the effects of ocean hydrodynamics on sound propagation have been ignored. Some recent studies admit current effects but assume them to be independent of the sound-speed structure. In actuality, current and sound speed are related through hydrodynamic and thermodynamic considerations. A shallow-water model of an ocean region, experiencing geostrophic motion, is assumed. Under suitable simplifying assumptions, equations of motion are solved for the pressure and density distributions. Then, assuming constant salinity, the temperature distribution is obtained by means of a state equation. With temperature, pressure, and salinity known, the sound-speed distribution associated with the geostrophic current is computed. Having determined current and sound speed, ray geometry, spreading loss, travel time, and boundary loss and phase shift can be found and are investigated for all rays between a specified CW sound source and receiving point in the current direction. Then, the amplitude and phase of the total acoustic field are considered, and the relation of acoustic variations to environmental variations is studied. [This work was supported in part by Acoustics Programs, Office of Naval Research.]
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