Environmental view for chlorothalonil on tomato and pepper fruits and soil field in Egypt: Risk assessment and pre-harvest gap

Abstract

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to determine the residues of chlorothalonil which was sprayed with a recommended dose on tomato, pepper, soil under and the nearest water source and to examine the decline and safety. Recovery for tomato and pepper fruits ranged from 88.27% to 108.01%, 79.81% and 102.57% for soil and nearest water source, respectively. Limit of detection and quantification were 0.01 and 0.05 mg kg−1 respectively.The field trial was carried out in El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Samples were randomly collected at pre-harvest intervals (PHI) of 0 day (1 h), 1, 3, 7, 10, and 15 days, respectively. A gas chromatography micro-electron capture detector method was used to detect residue levels. The data showed that the initial deposits were 2.86, 4.01 mg/kg in tomato and pepper, 0.89, 1.43 mg/kg in soil under tomato and pepper, respectively. The half-lives were found to be 1.79 and 1.83 days for tomato and pepper, respectively, while they were 1.63 days and 2.28 days in soil under tomato and pepper, respectively. No chlorothalonil residues were detected in water samples. Apparently, there is no chlorothalonil risk to consumers.