Abstract
Fluvial marine plains harbor environments with reduced declivity, but with different environmental attributes that may be relevant ecosystem services in their watersheds, which can be transformed into opportunities for the development of environmental services payments. This study digitally spatialized part of the ecosystem services related to water availability in the microbasins of the Guandu Basin Hydrographic Basin, the main source of water supply for the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, based on geo-environmental factors and the effects of transposition of watersheds, in order to facilitate the formulation of public policies regarding environmental services. The excerpts with the highest potential for producing environmental services from subsurface water flows, Topographic Wetness Index-ITU (ITU > 11), flat formation and low altimetry (< 40 m), are close to the old silted thalwegs, which can be potentialized by the effects of transposition, notably in the APA Guandu conservation unit. These areas should be prioritized in public and private water systems’ preservation programs. The areas near the transposition canals feature environmental services that depend directly on the transposition, and may be subject to management, as found in Guandu conservation unit. Flat areas with (7<ITU< 11) have their ecosystem services transferred from subsurface water flows to surface water flows and are dependent more on meteorological phenomena and on ways to manage heavy rain showers through their use, especially as altimetry and slope increase.
Highlights
The region of fluvial marine plains in Sepetiba Rio de Janeiro, as with others along the Brazilian coastline, present environmental services related to water resources differently, because the variables of terrain, soil, climate, anthropogenic interventions and mountain ranges’ influence allow the production and storage of water in the soil, altering the supply of this resource in drainage areas throughout the watershed
Meireles and Campos (2010) studied different coastal regions, and affirm that there may be differentiation in the production capacity of ecosystem services. This differentiation in the production of water resource is caused by the variation of the constituents of the sediments that make up the plains, rainfall distribution and local relief (Costanza et al, 1997)
The geological and climatic conditioners markedly influenced the effects of geomorphological factors, allowing formation of sites with high climate variation. This variability causes differences in the provision of environmental services available in small BHSG, noted in the variability observed in values of obtained for the ITU (Figure 3), which occur preferentially in non-consolidated sand, gravel, silt, clay and peat deposits
Summary
The region of fluvial marine plains in Sepetiba Rio de Janeiro, as with others along the Brazilian coastline, present environmental services related to water resources differently, because the variables of terrain, soil, climate, anthropogenic interventions and mountain ranges’ influence allow the production and storage of water in the soil, altering the supply of this resource in drainage areas throughout the watershed. In this way, Meireles and Campos (2010) studied different coastal regions, and affirm that there may be differentiation in the production capacity of ecosystem services. With the technological advances of recent decades, the computerization of data is important to the work in environmental science, seeking to optimize from the planning stage to the processing and interpretation of data
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