Abstract
The aggressive growth of Eichhornia crassipes (Water Hyacinth) plants causes severe damage to the irrigation, environment, and waterway systems in Iraq. This study aims to produce, characterize, and test biofuel extracted from the Eichhornia crassipes plant in Iraq. The extracted biodiesel was mixed at 10%, 20%, and 40% with neat diesel to produce three biodiesel samples. The methodology consists of the physiochemical properties of the samples that were characterized. The performance of the IC engine fueled by neat and biodiesel samples was measured under various operational conditions. The exhaust gases were analyzed to estimate the compounds to assess the environmental impact. The results showed that the density and viscosity of mixtures increase and the calorific value decrease with biodiesel. The engine test showed that the diesel + 10BE, diesel + 20BE, and diesel + 40BE enhanced brake thermal efficiency using 2.6%, 4.2%, and 6.3%, respectively, compared to neat diesel. Exhaust tests show a slight reduction, of 0.85–3.69% and 2.48–6.93%, in CO and HC emission, respectively. NOx is higher by 1.87–7.83% compared with neat diesel. The results revealed that biodiesel blended from Eichhornia crassipes is a viable solution to mitigate the drastic impact on the environment and economy in Iraq. The blended biodiesel has good potential to be mixed with the locally produced diesel from oil refineries.
Highlights
The trend of the characteristic changes with the addition of biodiesel to the neat diesel is similar to the data of [13], but with different values
The measured calorific values for D + 20BE, D + 20BE, and D + 40BE are 42.2, 41.8, and 39.4, respectively, while, for the current Iraqi diesel and mixtures, they are 44.82, 42.67, and 42.15. This difference in the calorific values showed some differences in the other characters between the two studies
Results show that the CO emissions increase with the engine load because CO emissions are extremely dependent on the air–fuel ratio [13,17]
Summary
Oil and natural gases, which are depleting resources, represent the main economic pillar of Iraq and the main source of energy for power production and transportation. Biodiesel is a better lubricant than diesel oil that lengthens engine life Several vegetable oils, such as castor, sunflower, and palm trees, are available in Iraq. The second article reviewed the previous works on the extraction procedures, characterization, engine fueling performance, and environmental consequences of mixing the blended biofuel with diesel. Both articles are worthy of being visited. These are concentrated in problem to the health, fishery, and agriculture industries in Iraq. As for the sustainability and supply chain, the areas rich with E. crassipes with massive
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