Abstract
This article considers the evolution of public participation in environmental protection and the “green movement” in the USSR and subsequent legal developments in the later part of 20th century. The article deals with legal history, using the diachronic methods to examine the evolution of public participation in environmental protection under the pressure of the totalitarian regime. The public participation in the USSR is divided into three main historical stages. An overview of the main challenges and achievements of the "green movement” in the USSR during 1950s-1990s is included; as well as causes and consequences of environmental activities in the USSR are highlighted. The three stages of the evolution of public participation in the mid-20th century are as follows: The first stage (up to 1980s) is characterized by the non-politicized activity, usually initiated by students or created by tourist clubs; the second stage (1980s – 1990s) has a special feature that is, liberalization of the political movement; and the third stage (beginning of 1990s) is described by the significant decline of interest in the Nature protection activities, which can be attributed to the unstable political environment at that time.
Highlights
The ocean and its resources are increasingly accepted widely as a viable alternative resource to meet the needs of the rising global population amidst Earth’s dwindling land resources.1 It is projected that with a substantial expansion of many of the current ocean-based economic activities, food, jobs, energy and raw materials to cater for the needs of the projected population level of 9-10 billion people would become readily available by the year 2030.2 At the heart of these activities must remain the health of the ocean ecosystem by preventing its over-exploitation, pollution, biodiversity loss and the negative effects of climate change associated with the expansion
From the sectorial analysis of the potential and opportunities of the blue economy and on the strength of the existing legal framework to support its sustainability, it is prudent to conclude that a blue economy is achievable in Nigeria
Nigeria may not qualify as one of the Small Island Developing States (SIDS), the abundance of coastal areas in the country in the Niger Delta and areas in the southern part of the country suggest that pursuing the blue economy through the sustainable use of these water resources can contribute to the economic development of Nigeria and herald the much talked about economic diversification
Summary
The ocean and its resources are increasingly accepted widely as a viable alternative resource to meet the needs of the rising global population amidst Earth’s dwindling land resources. It is projected that with a substantial expansion of many of the current ocean-based economic activities, food, jobs, energy and raw materials to cater for the needs of the projected population level of 9-10 billion people would become readily available by the year 2030.2 At the heart of these activities must remain the health of the ocean ecosystem by preventing its over-exploitation, pollution, biodiversity loss and the negative effects of climate change associated with the expansion. It is projected that with a substantial expansion of many of the current ocean-based economic activities, food, jobs, energy and raw materials to cater for the needs of the projected population level of 9-10 billion people would become readily available by the year 2030.2 At the heart of these activities must remain the health of the ocean ecosystem by preventing its over-exploitation, pollution, biodiversity loss and the negative effects of climate change associated with the expansion Dealing with these problems, it is essential to develop of innovative strategies to address the changes that would unfold with the broadening of the ocean waterscape. Compared to the Canadian laws, India’s Insecticides Act, 1968 has exhibited scarce references to environmental protection and public health and safety
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