Abstract
This work is aimed at analysing the functioning of the environmental policies of the European Union in order to address the use of these policies as well as the instruments to implement them, observing their efficacy to protect and preserve the environment in general and their particular social and human implications. First we will analyse international environmental policy, focusing on its consolidation through the creation of international organizations and treaties and on its theoretical background. Then, we will move forward to the development of environmental policy within the European Union, focusing on the functioning of this policy emphasizing its legal foundations on European Treaties. For this purpose we will analyse the principle of integration as well as the effectiveness of implementation regarding transposition of European law into national policy. We will also focus on the current situation of environmental policy within the Union going through the main innovations of the recent European Green Deal. Finally, some case studies will show us the reality of the European environmental policy and some of the challenges it will have to overcome in the near future. Through this work we will approach the repercussions the development of environmental policy has in international relations, paying special attention to its implications at supranational, national and regional scope within the European Union.
Highlights
Introducción For many decades the world has been suffering from human actions, damaging the environment and giving rise to such alarming consequences as what we know as climate change, which is the culmination of human interference with the environment
According to the NASA climate change has more than a 95% of probability to have been caused by human action1, which is supported by the reports developed by the International Panel on Climate Change
Action for environmental protection started to gain strength over the last decades, but it needed a lot of time to pave its way to the core of global policy
Summary
Through this work we have seen the evolution of European environmental policy over the years, analysing the obstacles it had to overcome and its progress. Once having analysed the main characteristics of international environmental policy we proceeded to focus on the object of this work: European environmental policy and its effectiveness. Major effects of Covid-19 crisis and increasing climate change risks will be revealed in the following years At this point we analysed the convergence between economy recovery and a sustainable approach from the Union. Despite its problems to control effective implementation of policy, the European Union is making many progress regarding environmental policy, and ensuring its role as an international leader in environmental protection. It still has a long way to go to achieve its ambitious goals reflected in the new European Green Deal, but it is making great progress compared to environmental policy a few decades ago. Through internal and international cooperation the European Union has a great potential to accomplish its purpose and lead the transition of the European Union and the world into the green future we are all awaiting for
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