Abstract
Diazinon is an organophosphorus pesticide widely used to control cabbage insects, cotton aphids and underground pests. The continuous application of diazinon in agricultural activities has caused both ecological risk and biological hazards in the environment. Diazinon can be degraded via physical and chemical methods such as photocatalysis, adsorption and advanced oxidation. The microbial degradation of diazinon is found to be more effective than physicochemical methods for its complete clean-up from contaminated soil and water environments. The microbial strains belonging to Ochrobactrum sp., Stenotrophomonas sp., Lactobacillus brevis, Serratia marcescens, Aspergillus niger, Rhodotorula glutinis, and Rhodotorula rubra were found to be very promising for the ecofriendly removal of diazinon. The degradation pathways of diazinon and the fate of several metabolites were investigated. In addition, a variety of diazinon-degrading enzymes, such as hydrolase, acid phosphatase, laccase, cytochrome P450, and flavin monooxygenase were also discovered to play a crucial role in the biodegradation of diazinon. However, many unanswered questions still exist regarding the environmental fate and degradation mechanisms of this pesticide. The catalytic mechanisms responsible for enzymatic degradation remain unexplained, and ecotechnological techniques need to be applied to gain a comprehensive understanding of these issues. Hence, this review article provides in-depth information about the impact and toxicity of diazinon in living systems and discusses the developed ecotechnological remedial methods used for the effective biodegradation of diazinon in a contaminated environment.
Highlights
With the rapid development of agriculture, organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are characterized by specificity, broad spectrum applicability, and high efficiency
Velki et al (2017) used an in vivo model of zebrafish to evaluate the effects of the commonly used insecticide diazinon on the early life stages of zebrafish, and the results showed that diazinon had influence on enzyme reactions and gene expression changes
Diazinon has occupied an important position in the list of pesticides worldwide, and its high toxicity and high residue cannot be ignored
Summary
With the rapid development of agriculture, organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are characterized by specificity, broad spectrum applicability, and high efficiency. The mechanisms and kinetics of local microbial strains were compared, and they were found to be effective for the degradation of diazinon. Photocatalysis is a pesticide removal technology exhibiting complete oxidation, a simple product structure, high efficiency, and a low-cost catalyst, as well as reducing secondary pollution and simultaneously destroying organic pollutants.
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