Abstract
The present chapter will discuss the Brazilian environmental legal system in regard to oil, natural gas and biofuel activities. The current law about the energy matrix exhibits a series of minimal guidelines for reasonable sustainable exploitation and a vast array of compensatory and possibly punitive mechanisms, in regard to environmental issues. The work starts with the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988, showing the regulatory jurisdictions and mechanisms contained in the National Policy for the Brazilian Environment (Federal Law No. 6.938/1981), especially environmental licensing in the sector; it also covers specific guidelines such as the Environmental Crimes Law (Federal Law No. 9.605/1998), the National Contingency Plan (Federal Law No. 9.966/2000), and distinct issues such as Air Pollution, Seismic Research and Water Disposition on Exploration Platforms. All of these issues are approached from a general viewpoint and linked to legal and environmental repercussions in the sector under study.
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