Abstract
Existing classifications of waste dumps in the quarries are given and their phenomenological nature is clarified. The need to identify the essence of the term "dump" is shown as well as the idea of "dump" as an artificial formation with everted and mixed rocks distanced from the quarry. Essential classification of man-made rock formations in quarries is developed. Characteristic of variations of man-made waste formations in quarries is developed. To reduce harmful effects of open-pit mining, dumps should be substituted with strat-lays - man-made structures relevant to natural stratification of litho-substances. Construction of strat-lays would improve ecological and technological culture of open cast mining.
Highlights
Kuznetsk coal basin is characterized by a variety of geological and mining conditions of coal seams exploitation
Since coal deposits mining hundreds of waste dumps have been formed in Kuzbass region
It is advisable to name such formations "zasyp" as it is a filling formation with regular stratification of the bulk material (Table. 1). This experience should be applied in pits with dragline mining; layered dumping in compliance with natural interposition of rock layers will improve man-made rock formations
Summary
Kuznetsk coal basin is characterized by a variety of geological and mining conditions of coal seams exploitation. In the Kemerovo region, there are 60 active and 5 coal pits under construction with total production capacity more than 150 million tons of coal per year. Waste rocks are displaced by road (over 50%), railway (20%), excavator dumping (20%) and hydraulic transport (5%). Kuzbass open pits and mines are winning coal at depths of 0-500 m, bringing to the surface all characteristic lithological varieties: loose overburden (clay, loam, sandy loam), half-rock (siltstone, mudstone, coal, burnt rock) and bedrock (sandstone, pyrite). Since coal deposits mining hundreds of waste dumps have been formed in Kuzbass region. The region has 50 hydraulic-mine dumps with a total volume of clay soils about 1 billion m3. As a result of the rocks loosening, their total volume exceeds quarry production itself.
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