Environmental Impact of Shrimp Culture at Gwatr Culture Site in Chabahar, Sistan-Baluchestan Province

Assessment of effects produced by physical and chemical occupational factors on changes in the relative telomere length (RTL) in workers is a promising trend in contemporary research. It can be used as a marker of not only ageing but also intensity of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Simulation of such effects in experiments on laboratory ICR mice and Wistar rats enriches our knowledge on the subject. In this study, we were interested in performing comparative assessment of isolated effects produced by physical and chemical factors on the relative telomere length of laboratory animals in a model experiment. The study involved using laboratory animals (mice, n = 65; rats, n = 65) divided into the experiment (total vibration, noise and a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons) and the control groups. Animals in the control group were intact. Exposure to chemical and physical factors was simulated in a model animal experiment. The relative telomere length was established using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The experimental data were analyzed by non-parametric analysis techniques in Statistica 10 software package. Intergroup differences were estimated using the Mann – Whitney test. Critical significance in testing of statistical hypotheses was taken below 0.05. Physical and chemical factors had the greatest influence on RLT shortening in the experimental animals relative to the control (intact animals). This indicates activation of the accelerated ageing pathways and growing risks of diseases associated with these exposures. The fastest RLT shortening rates were established upon exposure to total vibration and the chemical factor in mice after 30 days in the experiment; rats, after 60 days. The maximum growth in RLT shortening upon exposure to noise was established in mice after 60 days in the experiment; rats, after 180 days. Differences in RLT in comparison with its initial value were lost in mice on the 90th day in the experiment and in rats on the 180th day of the modeled chemical and physical exposure, which may be interpreted as overall ageing of the experiment animals. RLT shortening in biological objects upon long-term exposure to adverse chemical and physical factors gives evidence of accelerated ageing of the biological systems in the body and can create elevated risks of cardiovascular and aging-associated diseases.

Assessment of effects produced by physical and chemical occupational factors on changes in the relative telomere length (RTL) in workers is a promising trend in contemporary research. It can be used as a marker of not only ageing but also intensity of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Simulation of such effects in experiments on laboratory ICR mice and Wistar rats enriches our knowledge on the subject. In this study, we were interested in performing comparative assessment of isolated effects produced by physical and chemical factors on the relative telomere length of laboratory animals in a model experiment. The study involved using laboratory animals (mice, n = 65; rats, n = 65) divided into the experiment (total vibration, noise and a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons) and the control groups. Animals in the control group were intact. Exposure to chemical and physical factors was simulated in a model animal experiment. The relative telomere length was established using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The experimental data were analyzed by non-parametric analysis techniques in Statistica 10 software package. Intergroup differences were estimated using the Mann – Whitney test. Critical significance in testing of statistical hypotheses was taken below 0.05. Physical and chemical factors had the greatest influence on RLT shortening in the experimental animals relative to the control (intact animals). This indicates activation of the accelerated ageing pathways and growing risks of diseases associated with these exposures. The fastest RLT shortening rates were established upon exposure to total vibration and the chemical factor in mice after 30 days in the experiment; rats, after 60 days. The maximum growth in RLT shortening upon exposure to noise was established in mice after 60 days in the experiment; rats, after 180 days. Differences in RLT in comparison with its initial value were lost in mice on the 90th day in the experiment and in rats on the 180th day of the modeled chemical and physical exposure, which may be interpreted as overall ageing of the experiment animals. RLT shortening in biological objects upon long-term exposure to adverse chemical and physical factors gives evidence of accelerated ageing of the biological systems in the body and can create elevated risks of cardiovascular and aging-associated diseases.

Association between occupational exposure to chemical or physical factors and sleep disturbance: An analysis of the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey

Although laboratory procedures, along with culture media formulations, have improved over the past two decades, the issue remains that human IVF is performed in vitro (literally 'in glass'). Using PubMed, electronic searches were performed using keywords from a list of chemical and physical factors with no limits placed on time. Examples of keywords include oxygen, ammonium, volatile organics, temperature, pH, oil overlays and incubation volume/embryo density. Available clinical and scientific evidence surrounding physical and chemical factors have been assessed and presented here. Development of the embryo outside the body means that it is constantly exposed to stresses that it would not experience in vivo. Sources of stress on the human embryo include identified factors such as pH and temperature shifts, exposure to atmospheric (20%) oxygen and the build-up of toxins in the media due to the static nature of culture. However, there are other sources of stress not typically considered, such as the act of pipetting itself, or the release of organic compounds from the very tissue culture ware upon which the embryo develops. Further, when more than one stress is present in the laboratory, there is evidence that negative synergies can result, culminating in significant trauma to the developing embryo. It is evident that embryos are sensitive to both chemical and physical signals within their microenvironment, and that these factors play a significant role in influencing development and events post transfer. From the viewpoint of assisted human reproduction, a major concern with chemical and physical factors lies in their adverse effects on the viability of embryos, and their long-term effects on the fetus, even as a result of a relatively brief exposure. This review presents data on the adverse effects of chemical and physical factors on mammalian embryos and the importance of identifying, and thereby minimizing, them in the practice of human IVF. Hence, optimizing the in vitro environment involves far more than improving culture media formulations.

Objective: To investigation on the occupational hazardous factors exposed to the female workers, from 14 prefectures and municipalities in Gansu province. Methods: The survey was conducted from June to October 2015. A total of 8 538 female employees from 30 enterprises in 14 prefectures and cities of the province were selected by cluster sampling method. The occupational hazard factors were investigated and analyzed statistically. Results: The survey found that the proportion of female workers in Gansu province who are exposed to chemical and physical harmful factors at the same time is relatively large. Most female workers are exposed to 2-4 occupational hazards, and women who are exposed to 3 and 4 chemical harmful factors account for 28.8 % and 38.0 %, respectively. Women workers who were exposed to two or three physical factors at the same time accounted for 59.44 per cent, while 61.5% were exposed to two biological factors at the same time. The number of female workers exposed to two or three physical factors at the same time and the number of four and five physical factors at the same time after being tested by χ(2). The difference is statistically significant (χ(2)= 8.17, P<0.05) . The difference in the number of female workers who simultaneously exposed 3 and 4 chemical factors and simultaneously exposed 2 and 5 or more chemical factors is statistically significant (χ(2)=11.26, P<0.05) . There was no significant difference in the exposure of female workers to biological factors. Conclusion: This survey shows that the exposure of female workers in Gansu Province to occupational hazards is not optimistic. We should strengthen enterprise supervision and improve the working environment and conditions of female workers.

Swelling ability and behaviour of bentonite-based materials for deep repository engineered barrier systems: Influence of physical, chemical and thermal factors

Background: Based on the results of observations made in September 2022-December 2022 in the medical record storage room of the Tk. IV Dr. R. Ismoyo Kendari, there were 427 inpatient medical records and 254 (59%) inpatient medical records that suffered damage caused by physical, chemical and biological factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the causes and types of damage to the medical records of inpatients due to physical, chemical and biological factors in the medical record storage room of the Tk Army Hospital. IVDr. R. Ismoyo Kendari.Methods: This study used a qualitative analytic descriptive design, especially the cross sectional type. The sample in this study consisted of 4 medical record officers, namely 1 Head of Medical Records, 1 Secretary of Medical Records, 1 registration officer and 1 filling officer in the medical record storage room of the Tk Army Hospital. IV Dr.R.Ismoyo Kendari and 254 medical records of inpatients in September 2022 - December 2022 who were damaged. The research instrument used observation, checklists, and interview guidelines. Results: The results of this study indicate that physical factors, chemical factors, and biological factors cause damage caused by negligence of officers, exposure to sunlight, dust, ink, rust, mold, and insects. Conclusion:The conclusion of this study found forms of damage such as torn, detached/missing medical record forms, and yellow to brown in color as a result of physical factors, chemical factors, and biological factors.

Learning from differences: Abiotic determinism of benthic communities in Northern Taiwan

The psychosocial, physical and chemical factors, which affect the human organism on the workplace or in environmental, are considered by some authors [1, 2, 3] as stress factors which affect the functional state [FS]-vigilance level- of the central nervous system (CNS) and can cause the changes of this by developing of three stages of stress according to the stress theory H. Selye: hypersthenic, hyposthenic and organic psychosyndrome [4]. To characterise the low -level effects of chemical or physical factors on the vigilance level of CNS according to stress theory stages we have used the different psychological/ psychometrical tests and EEG analyzing methods. By using for the investigation of low-level impact of occupational chemical stressors on the vigilance level of CNS we have used the different methods as questionnaires, psychometric tests (827 workers) and analyzing of the EEG date (77 workers). As low-level physical factor we have used modulated electromagnetic radiation at different rhythms [14, 15, 16] and analyzed the changes on the EEG data of different groups of 77 volunteers. This data have showing the changes of the beta- and alpha-activities depending of the modulation frequencies and associated with data of the neuropsychological tasks [16]. This investigations have showing that for the analyzing of changes in EEG by impacting of modulated electromagnetic radiation at different rhythms is possible to use the stress theory stages for the understanding of impacting this low level physical factor on the vigilance level of CNS. In conclusion: to analyze the low level chemical and physical factors impacting on the vigilance level CNS by using the psychological/psychometrical and electrophysiological (EEG) data we found the acceptable to use the stress theory and developing of the stress stages H. Selye to characterizes the development of CNS vigilance level changes.

Conducting long-term clinical studies against the background of stressful combined effects of physical and chemical factors makes it relevant to use 6‑month-old Wistar rats as an accessible experimental model, which allows experimentally establishing markers of accelerated aging. Evaluation of the indicators of clinical urinalysis in laboratory animals that have been under periodic combined exposure to physical and chemical factors for a long time can help identify markers of cellular aging that determine the pathogenetic features of the effects of these factors on the body. Objective: to evaluate the combined effects of physical and chemical factors on the indicators of clinical urinalysis in Wistar rats in a chronic experiment characterizing the stages of the adaptation process. The object of the study: white laboratory rats of the Wistar line (n=90), grouped into three groups: two experimental ones, kept under conditions of periodic combined exposure to physical (vibration, noise), as well as physical (vibration, noise) and chemical (4‑component mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons) factors at the level of 1.5 MPC, MPC, and one control (intact animals) — in comfortable conditions (normal photoperiodism and temperature +22–24 °C). Clinical urinalysis was performed using a DIRUI H-100 analyzer (manufactured in China) with a built-in thermal printer. The statistical analysis was carried out using standard Statistica 10.0 application programs with the calculation of the median (Me) and the percentile interval. The probability of differences of 95 % or higher (p&lt;0.05) was considered an acceptable level of reliability of the results. During the study of urine clinical parameters in Wistar rats, the limits of variability were determined depending on the duration and type of combined exposure to physical and chemical factors in comparison with the control group. Biomarkers of premature aging (increased levels of urobilinogen, bilirubin, protein, ketone bodies, erythrocytes, leukocytes, glucose, acidity and density of urine) were established in the experimental groups, compared with the control. The results of a clinical urine analysis of Wistar rats in a chronic experiment to study the combined effects of physical and chemical factors (at the level of 1.5 MPC and MPC) indicate the development of stress-induced pathological conditions in animals of experimental groups on the 180th day of the experiment, which may increase the risks of accelerated aging of various biological systems and negatively affect their vital functions, according to compared to intact animals.

Evaluation of the combined effects of physical and chemical factors on hematological blood parameters during a 180 — day chronic experiment on laboratory animals (6‑month-old Wistar rats) helps to establish mechanisms and approaches to the diagnosis of initial clinical manifestations of hematological pathology and cellular aging. Objective: to evaluate the combined effects of physical and chemical factors on hematological parameters of blood in a chronic experiment on laboratory animals, characterizing the stages of the adaptation process.The object of the study: white laboratory rats of the Wistar line (n=90), grouped into three groups: two experimental ones, kept under conditions of periodic combined exposure to physical (vibration, noise), as well as physical (vibration, noise) and chemical (4‑component mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons) factors at the level of 1.5 MPC, MPC, and one control (intact animals) — in comfortable conditions (normal photoperiodism and temperature +22–24 ° C). Clinical blood analysis of rats was performed using an HTI MicroCC-20Plus analyzer manufactured by the USA High Technology Inc with an integrated thermal printer. The statistical analysis was carried out using standard Statistica 10.0 application programs with the calculation of the median (Me) and the percentile interval. The probability of differences of 95 % or higher (p&lt;0.05) was considered an acceptable level of reliability of the results. The study determined the limits of variability of hematological parameters of blood in Wistar laboratory rats exposed to periodic combined effects of physical (general vibration, noise) and chemical factors (4‑component aerosol of hydrocarbons) in 180‑day dynamics with an interval of 2 months compared with the control group. The results obtained indicate the presence of nonspecific reactions from the combined effects of physical and chemical factors (1.5 MPC, MPC) on hematological blood parameters in a chronic experiment, which can be considered as one of the indicators of the development of cellular ag - ing in animals of the experimental groups, compared with the control.

The possible effect of chemical and physical factors during pregnancy on the occurrence of cardiovascular malformations in the offspring was studied in 573 cases and 1,055 controls. The cases represented all verified cardiovascular malformations in Finland during 1982-1984. The controls were randomly selected from all babies born during the same period. Case and control mothers were interviewed by midwives approximately 3 months after delivery using a structured questionnaire. Maternal alcohol consumption during the first trimester of pregnancy was more common among the mothers of case infants (45.9%) than those of controls (39.6%). Exposure to organic solvents at work was slightly more prevalent among the ventricular septal defect group (12.1%) than the control mothers (7.8%). However, neither association was significant when adjusted for maternal age in logistic regression analysis. Moreover, one or both of these associations may be chance effects resulting from multiple comparisons. The risk of cardiovascular malformations was not associated with maternal smoking, or coffee, tea, or cola consumption, and was equal in urban and rural areas. Maternal exposures to anesthetic gases, pesticides, wood preservatives, microwave ovens, and video display terminals at work or home were not associated with the risk of cardiovascular malformations. It is concluded that some common environmental exposures during early pregnancy to physical and chemical factors should not necessarily be considered hazardous for the developing fetal heart. The causes of the majority of cardiovascular malformations remain unknown.

The resistance of differentChlorella vulgaris B. strains obtained as a result of chronic influence with chemical and physical factors have been studied. The aim of our work was to establish the relation between the resistance ofChlorella vulgaris populations with ultrastructural cell organization and the level of endogenic thiols. It was established that destructive processes in the cell are reduced to minimum in the more resistant strains and are of a definite recovering character. The higher resistance is accompanied by higher content of endogenic thiols, enlarging of cell pyrenoid and multilayered cell-covering membrane. From the results obtained it may be supposed that one of the probable mechanisms determining the resistance of theChlorella vulgaris strains obtained by the influence of physical and chemical factors and investigated by us, is connected with the changes which took place in the genetic systems controlling the level of the natural protectors in the cell and is accompanied by structural changes affecting mainly the size and number of cell pyrenoid as well as the thickness of the cell-covering membrane.

Currently, the issues of studying the quantitative assessment of the isolated effects of physical and chemical occupational factors of low intensity, severity and intensity of the labor process on the telomere relative length (TRL) are relevant in order to establish the mechanisms of development of premature aging. The aim is to evaluate the effect of isolated exposure to low–intensity physical and chemical occupational factors on the relative length of telomeres in an animal experiment. Material and methods. ICR mice (n = 65) are distributed in equal numbers into 3 test groups (exposure to vibration, noise, chemical exposure) and 1 control group (contained in comfortable conditions and not exposed to these factors). The duration of the experiment was 90 days, samples for DNA isolation from the striated muscle tissue of ICR mice thigh were taken on days 0, 30, 60 and 90. TRL was measured using real time PCR. Results and discussion. The results of the study indicate a significant shortening of TRL on the 90th day in the control group compared to the initial indicators, which may indicate the general processes of aging of animals. A long (90-day) stay of ICR mice in conditions simulating the isolated influence of various occupational hazard factors (vibration, noise, chemicals) operating at a level of 1.5 MAC, MPL, was accompanied by unidirectional dynamics of TRL. The chemical factor has the greatest impact on TDC (a decrease in TDT relative to the value of the control group is noted on the 30th, 60th and 90th days of the experiment), the physical factor causes a shortening of TDT after 60 and 90 days. Conclusions. Further study of the isolated influence of occupational factors on the TRL change in model organisms will contribute to the establishment of mechanisms that prevent the development of pathological processes in workers under conditions of production hazards.

The purpose of this research was to study the condition of seagrass communities at Pacitan coast. The study was conducted at Klayar, Srau, Teleng Ria, Pancer, Tawang, and Pidakan at Pacitan coast. The presence of seagrass communities was determined by the physical and chemical factors. Data were collected using quadrate plots with five transects. At each transect, data was collected using the quadrate plot, 0.5 m x 0.5 m, with 11 replications. On each plot, number of species, density, and their coverage were measured. Water quality such as light penetration, water level, current velocity, salinity, temperature, wave height, DO, pH, sediment texture, and nutrients of NH4, NO3, PO4, C-organic were also measured. The results showed, from 6 beaches studied, seagrass is only found in Tawang and Pidakan. There were 3 species of seagrass in Tawang beach, i. e Cymodocea serrulata, Thalassia hemprichii, and Halophila ovalis which were distributed unevenly, with 37,66 % coverage. In Pidakan beach, there is 1 species of seagrass, Thalassia hemprichii, with 30,89 % coverage. These variations were due to the physical and chemical factors in each location. T. hemprichii was the seagrass species which was tolerant to changes in environmental conditions. Light and substrate were as important factors that determined the presence and abundance of seagrass communities in Pacitan coastal waters. Keywords: coverage, light, seagrass, substrate, tolerant species