Abstract
Taza City is among the Moroccan cities which is in full urban expansion, with a daily wastewater discharge volume estimated at 16534 m3/d in 2020, and expected to reach 20056 m3/d by 2030. These waters, collected in a combined sewerage network, are directly released into the natural environment without any treatment. Indeed, a large part of this water is discharged into Oued Defali, the main tributary of Oued Larbâa. In order to manage and better understand these discharges impact on the streams crossing this city, wastewater sampling campaigns were carried out for one year from May 2018 to April 2019 at domestic (S1) and industrial (S2) sites. The wastewater physicochemical characterization revealed that these discharges are highly loaded with organic matter in terms of chemical oxygen demand (S1 avg = 1231.44 mg/l and S2 avg = 933.03 mg/l), biochemical oxygen demand (S1 avg = 511.87 mg/l and S2 avg = 464.35 mg/l), and suspended matter (S1 avg = 744.11 mg/l and S2 avg = 578.13 mg/l). The use of principal component analysis (PCA) has allowed us to collect as much information as possible from the database of the physicochemical analyses performed for the studied parameters.
Highlights
Morocco has subscribed to sustainable development for ten years and has adopted it as its main development choice at the national level, to ensure the management rationalization of natural resources on the one hand and the citizen life’s quality continuous improvement on the other hand. us, Moroccan Law 10–95 on water imposes the collection and treatment of domestic wastewater in all cities
It requires the establishment of strict standards for urban wastewater treatment based on the receiving environment and discharge standards, as well as steps to prevent the contamination of surface and groundwaters
The average temperature values of the wastewater from sites S1 and S2 are around 16.10°C and 18.75°C, respectively. e variation in temperature values observed during this study is closely linked to climate change and seasonal periods. us, it is very conducive to the development of microorganisms and the phenomenon of wastewater self-purification
Summary
Morocco has subscribed to sustainable development for ten years and has adopted it as its main development choice at the national level, to ensure the management rationalization of natural resources on the one hand and the citizen life’s quality continuous improvement on the other hand. us, Moroccan Law 10–95 on water imposes the collection and treatment of domestic wastewater in all cities. Us, Moroccan Law 10–95 on water imposes the collection and treatment of domestic wastewater in all cities. It requires the establishment of strict standards for urban wastewater treatment based on the receiving environment and discharge standards, as well as steps to prevent the contamination of surface and groundwaters. Between the years 2010 and 2030, water demand is expected to increase by about 40%, mainly due to agricultural activities [1] and to the high drinking water consumption due to population growth and urbanization development. In Scientifica developed countries, the water quantity consumed is estimated in France, for example, at 150 L/h/d, whereas the world average is only 40 litres [2]. As to Morocco, this consumption is estimated at 85 L/h/d, taking into account the industrial and administrative sectors consumption
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