Abstract
Industrial effluents discharged into the river poses a serious threat to our environment; the research examines the impact of some heavy metals of Kaduna refinery effluent into the Romi River. It asserts the nature of effluent released into the water body and also the impact of effluent on water quality. However the important water quality became relatively slowly as early human could only judge water quality through the physical senses of sight, taste and smell, now a days there is an increase of contamination of natural water bodies by industrial effluents in developing and densely populated countries like Nigeria, because rivers are major means of waste disposal and especially effluents from industries nearby. The data used in this research were generated from direct field measurement of pH, Conductivity, and Turbidity, heavy metal profiles (Chromium & Nickel) from Kaduna Refinery Effluent. The mean concentrations of the metals; chromium, iron, nickel, and zinc with the standard deviation were found to be: < 0.01 ± 0.1 mg/kg, and 0.06 ± 0.1 mg/kg. This study has shown that the mean concentration of chromium and Nickel found to be lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) acceptable limits while the concentration values of nickel 0.06 ± 0.1 mg/kg and iron 0.06 ± 0.1 mg/kg as found to be higher than the WHO, acceptable limits of the metals) obtained at the effluent points and this implicate the industry adjacent to the area as one of the sources of heavy metals in the river.
Highlights
Romi River is one of the tributaries of river in Kaduna, its located in the southern part of Kaduna metropolis between latitude 10 ̊ to 11 ̊ north longitudes 7 ̊ to 8 ̊ East, River Romi follow a course of about 16.3 km
The wastes can be broadly categorized into oily materials, spent chemicals, spent catalyst and other residuals. These wastes are released to the environment in the form of gases, particles, and liquid effluent (liquid consisting of surface runoff water, sanitary wastewater, solid waste and sludge (Effects Of Kaduna Refinery Effluent On The Water Quality Of, 2016)
MATERIAL & METHODS Effluent samples discharged to Romi River were collected from six (5) different points at 5m apart from the effluent passage of Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC), a subsidiary of Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), KM 16 Kachia Road, Kaduna State, Nigeria, for three (3) consecutive weeks
Summary
Romi River is one of the tributaries of river in Kaduna, its located in the southern part of Kaduna metropolis between latitude 10 ̊ to 11 ̊ north longitudes 7 ̊ to 8 ̊ East, River Romi follow a course of about 16.3 km. The petroleum refinery and petrochemical industries are most desirable for national development and improved quality of life, the unwholesome and environmentally unacceptable pollution effects of the waste from these industries are cause for worry. The wastes can be broadly categorized into oily materials, spent chemicals, spent catalyst and other residuals These wastes are released to the environment in the form of gases, particles, and liquid effluent (liquid consisting of surface runoff water, sanitary wastewater, solid waste and sludge (Effects Of Kaduna Refinery Effluent On The Water Quality Of, 2016). The reagent and apparatus used for the analysis are: Polyethylene (plastic) Bottles, 8 volumetric flasks (100 ml), glass funnel, filter paper, 8 beakers (500 ml), hot plate pipette, measuring cylinder, hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3) atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), conductivity meter, turbidity meter and pH meter. The six different samples we reanalyzed for the following heavy metals; Chromium (Cr), Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), and Zinc (Zn), based on the above procedure
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