Abstract
Eco benign environment, wherein human race survives and evolves, comprises the interaction of biotic and abiotic systems. Maintaining such environment in view of drastically changing human practices due to increased industrialization, urbanization and modernization is an urgent necessity for the global human community. The responsibility to protect the environment as well as to make it suitable for sustaining human life with well-being propels research-based implementation of best industrial and environmental practices. The nature of strategies and research designed for arriving eco-benign solutions to the challenges of environmental protection widely varies with different fields of industry. It is important to note that the intervention of environmental friendly strategies for making hazard and disease free environment is inevitable in all spheres of life, and the research on green solutions envisaged for management of environmental resources is the need of hour. Hence, in this review, we highlight three socially important environmental research areas such as impact of toxicity of metal pollutants in aquatic biological systems with special reference to fish as a bioindicator, mosquito control by bioinsecticides, and management of disease and disaster management by Geographical Information Systems (GIS) that are of our areas of contribution. Though these areas are viewed as different domains, they share an unique feature among themselves i.e. the crisis in water management affecting environment and health. The review also attempts to discuss about the possible biointervention solutions to address the challenges in water management in terms of pollution.
Highlights
Quality of life in aquatic system is determined by the characteristics of biotic resources and their interactions that are complex and dynamic
We have reported that untreated tannery effluents having high Cr concentration when loaded to the aquatic system, they affected gross (GPP) and net primary productivity (NPP) of major aquatic macrophytes such as Hydrilla verticillata and Ceretophyllum demersum due to creation of metal influenced imbalance in the photosynthetic machinery [31]
Though many studies on plant extracts against mosquito larvae have been conducted around the world, we present our efforts on the development of a range of ecofriendly bioinsecticides in this review [64,65,66, 68,69,70,71,72]
Summary
Quality of life in aquatic system is determined by the characteristics of biotic resources and their interactions that are complex and dynamic. Aquatic system today is polluted by industrial effluents comprising organic and synthetic chemical substances, heavy metals, dyes, oil etc; house hold wastes such as detergents and drainage; e-wastes, pesticides from agricultural lands, spillage of oil from ships etc. These pollutants of both biodegradable and non-biodegradable change the water qualities such as colour, odour, surface tension, thermal properties, conductivity, density, pH etc [1]. Some ‘trace elements’ are known as heavy metals, e.g., copper (Cu), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) They are essential to maintain the body metabolism, but they are toxic at higher concentrations. The metals may alter the biochemical composition of tissues, rendering it unfit for human consumption
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