Environmental, Health and Sociodemographic Determinants Related to Common Mental Disorders in Adults: A Spanish Country-Wide Population-Based Study (2006-2017).

Jesús Cebrino,Silvia Portero De La Cruz

doi:10.3390/jcm9072199

Jesús Cebrino, Silvia Portero De La Cruz

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072199

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Abstract

Common mental disorders (CMD) represent a serious, growing public health concern, especially in women. The aims of this study were to report the prevalence of CMD among the adult population in Spain, to analyze the time trends from 2006 to 2017 and to explore the associations between CMD and gender, in relation to the perceived environmental and sociodemographic problems and clinical factors. A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted including 48,505 participants aged 16 to 64 years old who had participated in the Spanish National Health Surveys in 2006, 2011/2012 and 2017. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the variables associated with CMD by gender. The prevalence of CMD was 20.4% in 2006, 20.8% in 2011/2012 and 16.9% in 2017 (p = 0.36). In women, the probability of having a CMD was higher in widowed or separated/divorced compared with single individuals and as the perception of distressing noise levels from outside the home increased. The probability of CMD was lower as the level of education increased in men. Foreigners and those with limitations due to health problems, chronic conditions and worse perceived health were more likely to suffer from a CMD in both women and men.

Highlights

Mental health is gaining recognition as one of the priority areas in health policies worldwide and has been included in Sustainable Development Goals [1,2]
Since the majority of studies assess environmental factors that could be related to Common mental disorders (CMD) jointly [35–37], making it impossible to know how each factor contributes to the presence or absence of CMD, the present study aims to investigate numerous different sociodemographic, clinical, lifestyle characteristics and environmental problems independently and simultaneously in a large, representative sample of Spanish population
The results of this study based on a large and representative adult population between 16–64 years old in Spain are unique in showing the relationship between perception of environmental problems, sociodemographic, clinical and lifestyle characteristics and CMD from 2006 to 2017, taking into account potential gender differences

Summary

Introduction

Mental health is gaining recognition as one of the priority areas in health policies worldwide and has been included in Sustainable Development Goals [1,2]. Most countries globally are exposed to multiple psychosocial stress factors nowadays [3]. For this reason, mental disorders are a high priority in healthcare as major contributors to the global burden of disability, especially in developing countries [4,5]. CMDs pose a threat to people’s quality of life, but they pose serious challenges for health systems and entail considerable societal and financial costs [17,18]. Both researchers and policy-makers have identified decreasing the prevalence rates of CMD and disability costs as a key priority [7,19–21]

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