Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of inorganic arsenic (As) in the potable water available to the population to be able to estimate the non-carcinogenic risks for underweight children and the carcinogenic risk for adults exposed to As intake who live in the Mezquital municipality, Durango, Mexico. Methods: The As content was quantifed in the water supply sources for human use and its intake was estimated in Mezquital population, southern Durango. With the data obtained, the hazard quotient (HQ) was calculated to determine the non-carcinogenic risk to develop chronic systemic effects in underweight children. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reference health values estimating As exposure risk are from 0.0003 mg/kg/day (non-carcinogenic) to 1.5 mg/kg/day (carcinogenic risk). Results: The analyzed waters presented as concentrations that varied from 0.3 to 10.2 µg/L, with a mean of 7.35 µg/L (CI 95% 6.27–8.38). The exposure dose was 0.4 to 1.36, and the HQ was 1.90 to 6.48 mg/kg/day, the estimated carcinogenic risk from adults varied from 1.28 to 4.37E−4, with values of 3.74–4.37E−4 mg/kg/day in central area. Conclusions: The children are at risk to develop chronic systemic effects due to ingestion of As from water.
Highlights
Arsenic (As) that is found in water at high concentrations poses a health risk when ingested
The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of inorganic As in the potable water available to the population to be able to estimate the non-carcinogenic risks for underweight children and the carcinogenic risk for adults exposed to As intake who live in the Mezquital municipality, Durango, Mexico
Some of the original water samples were below the permissible limits, considering the characteristics of the studied area in the rainy season and that the region is exposed to high concentrations of fluoride in water, in addition to nutritional deficiencies and a low socioeconomic status, we conclude that the population is exposed to a significant risk due to As exposure and that it is essential to disclose these circumstances so that the relevant agencies consider the situation as a serious public health problem
Summary
Arsenic (As) that is found in water at high concentrations poses a health risk when ingested. The most toxic variable of inorganic As is found in geothermal water sources and groundwater [1,2]. This element is identified in drinking water, which is a health problem that is spread worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of inorganic arsenic (As) in the potable water available to the population to be able to estimate the non-carcinogenic risks for underweight children and the carcinogenic risk for adults exposed to As intake who live in the Mezquital municipality, Durango, Mexico. The exposure dose was 0.4 to 1.36, and the HQ was 1.90 to 6.48 mg/kg/day, the estimated carcinogenic risk from adults varied from 1.28 to 4.37E−4 , with values of 3.74–4.37E−4 mg/kg/day in central area
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