Environmental Determinants to Pneumonia among Toddler in Depok City in 2013-2022

Abstract

ABSTRACT Pneumonia is inflammation of the lung which is the main cause of child death in the world, including in Indonesia. Pneumonia may be triggered by host and environmental factors. To date, a few studies have examined the relationship between toddler characteristics, environmental, and demographic factors with the incidence of toddler pneumonia, with inconsistent results. Therefore, we aimed to determine the relationship between the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding, LBW, healthy house, and population density to pneumonia among toddlers in Depok City in 2013-2022. The data such as Incidence of pneumonia, coverage of exclusive breastfeeding, coverage of LBW, coverage of healthy house, and population density were obtained from Depok City Government. The data is secondary data from 2013-2022. The study design used was an ecological study design and the population was all toddlers diagnosed with pneumonia in Depok City. The coverage of pneumonia cases found in toddlers in Depok City has increased in 2022 to reach 55.28%. Our results demonstrated a significant relationship between the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.000, r=-0.497), the coverage of LBW (p=0.011, r=0.242), and the coverage of healthy house (p=0.026, r=0.212). While the population density did not show a significant relationship with the incidence of pneumonia (p=0.099, r=0.158). Exclusive breastfeeding, LBW, healthy house are the underlying relationship for pneumonia among toddlers in Depok City. The results indicate to be an input for planning pneumonia prevention and control programs in Depok City in the future. Keywords: Exclusive Breastfeeding, Healthy House, Low Birth Weight, Population Density, Toddler’s Pneumonia