Abstract
Equine herpesviruses (EHV) are a major health concern for domestic and wild equids and represent one of the most economically important disease agents of horses. Most known EHVs are transmitted directly between individuals as a result of direct exposure to exudates and aerosols. However, accumulating evidence suggests that environmental transmission may play a role including air, water, and fomites. Here, we reviewed studies on environmental stability and transmission of EHVs, which may influence viral dynamics and the use of environmental samples for monitoring EHV shedding.
Highlights
Equine herpesviruses (EHV) infect wild and domestic equine species worldwide and represent one of the most economically consequential infections of domesticated horses [1]
EHV transmission mediated by fomites, feces, air, and water that may be contributing to transmission among equids and to non-equids
Several EHV species are commonly found in the environment (e.g., EHV-1, EHV-5, -7, and asinine herpesvirus 5), whereas others such as EHV-4, -6, and -8 have not been detected in environmental sample material far
Summary
Equine herpesviruses (EHV) infect wild and domestic equine species worldwide and represent one of the most economically consequential infections of domesticated horses [1]. EHV transmission mediated by fomites, feces, air, and water that may be contributing to transmission among equids and to non-equids This information will enable scientists to fully understand EHV transmission dynamics and develop effective control measures. Treatment options for afflicted animals depend on clinical presentation and typically include antiviral medication and symptomatic therapy; it is important to note that equids may shed infectious material during clinical and subclinical (silent) infection and shortly thereafter. For this reason, physical isolation of virus shedders may help prevent virus transmission, which should include measures to prevent transmission via aerosols, fomites, or other environmental pathways. Filled circles represent viruses for which information on environmental detection exists in the peer reviewed literature
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