Environmental benign AQbD based estimation of ketoconazole and beclomethasone by RP-HPLC and multi-analytical UV spectrophotometric method

Abstract

Hazardous chemicalsare one of the most significant adverse effects of drug analysis. Chemicalwaste generatedat every stage of the analysisfound to bein significant concentrations during quality testing. Green analytical chemistry provides a safe environment for drug analysis. Three simple and environmentally sustainable UV spectrophotometric andliquid chromatographic techniques were established to simultaneously measure Ketoconazole and Beclomethasone dipropionate in their bulk and cream formulation. Firstly, the spectrophotometric estimation deals with three green methods: absorption ratio, the first-order absorption ratio, and the area under curve methods. The second approach was green rotatable centralcomposite analytical quality by design-based RP-HPLC method with an optimized mobile phase of ethanol: 0.1 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) 33: 67 v/v. The separation was accomplished using an ODS reversed-phase column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) operating at a 1.0 mL/min flow rate. The determination was performed using the concentrations ranging for Ketoconazole 140–260 µg/mL and Beclomethasone 1.75–3.75 µg/mL (R2 = 0.9991–0.9999). The results showed that the Forced degradation experiments indicate that the drugs degrade under their intended circumstances. Green solvents were utilized in the developed techniques since they significantly impact environmentally benign analytical methods. The proposed techniques have been validated in linearity, accuracy, and precision based on International Council on Harmonization guidelines and green assessment tools, with acceptable results. These techniques shall be employed in place of methods that utilized toxic chemicals for determination and are easily adaptable for routine analysis.