Abstract
Ultrasonic assisted extraction of Osage orange with a water-acetone co-solvent has been chosen in part one of this research as a model to study the shade reproducibility of dyeing silk and wool protein-based materials. The use of ultrasound to assist the dyeing parameters is studied to determine the standardization of the dyeing process. Pre and post mordanting methods by using eco-friendly mordants, alum mixed with cream of tartar, are chosen to enhance the fastness properties. Ultrasonic assistance on the mixture of alum and cream of tartar as a pre-mordant, followed by dyeing for a shorter time at a lower temperature, shows good shade reproducibility and satisfying levelness with significant fastness properties, whereas the amounts of fading are evaluated in terms of the color difference to deduce the influence of dye- fiber bonding after treatment and mordanting methods. As a result, this study offers an efficient methodology for a renewable natural yellow, a revolutionizing start towards environmental protection, and eco-friendly dyeing of protein fabrics as a potential viable option.
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