Environmental assessment, instrumentation-quality tests of radiological equipment and human health implications

Abstract

The health implications of human exposures to ionizing radiation may be deleterious on the immunity mechanism, particularly when large but sub-lethal doses are applied over a period of time. Quality control tests of X-ray equipment and environmental monitoring of a private radiological center (Moroko X-ray Center, Lagos) was carried out. The results showed that radiological personnel and the facilities for safety were grossly inadequate. Dose rates of 3.0 to 3.6 µSv were recorded at the entrance door when the door is closed and opened respectively. The dose rates at the adjacent room and the waiting lobby were at least a factor of 60 higher than the background dose rate each, indicating higher risk to visitors and personnel at the center. Investigation of the equipment using a calibrated multi-purpose non-invasive X-ray test device, Victoreen model 4000M+ and radiation monitor device minirad model 1000+, showed lower values against recommended limits of the International Commission of Radiological Protection (ICRP). However, general overhauling of the facilities was recommended as the X-ray equipment is older than the recommended age by the Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NNRA). A follow-up study indicates improved facilities and safety measures. Key words: Quality control, diagnostic facilities, radiology, health, immunity.