Environmental aspects of the use of pressure filters for water purification of reservoirs in drinking water supply systems

Abstract

The experience of designing and operating water treatment facilities for natural surface sources for the needs of populated areas and industrial enterprises in countries with developed industry allows us to conclude that it is advisable to purify water with a suspended solids content of up to 100-150 g/m3 using filtration methods. Therefore, the introduction into the practice of designing water treatment methods that ensure the use of compact, high-performance, automatically controlled structures acquires national economic importance. Filter stations equipped with pressure filters operating in the ultra-high-speed filtration mode meet these requirements to the greatest extent. The object of this study is a vertical pressure filter with an upward flow of purified water and a clamped filter layer. The applied research methods include the analysis of literature sources on the topic under study, experimental studies performed in a laboratory installation that fully simulates the technological scheme being developed, etc. The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the use of pressure filters with an upward flow and a clamped load for the purification of natural waters containing up to 100-120 g/m3 of suspended solids, and to develop recommendations for their use in the conditions of the Uzbekistan Republic. Laboratory tests of ultra-high-speed pressure filtration with an ascending flow have proved the high retention capacity of loading from local granular materials when filtering the purified water in the direction of decreasing grain size. Thus, the effect of water purification to remove suspended solids during the inter-washing period of the filter, which reached 10-18 hours, was stable and amounted to 87-97 percent.