Abstract
Crude kaolinite-glauconite clay was active with hydrochloric acid for various times under variable microwave irradiation power. The influence of activation parameters (power and/or time) on the structural and textural properties of the treated samples has been studied. The modifications were evaluated by XRD, FTIR, XRF, SEM, BET, grain size and zettametry. The XRD and IR results show that acid activation reveals only weak changes on crystallinity of samples. However, HCl activation of clay assisted by microwave modifies morphology and size of grains with a little variation of the specific surface area values. The adsorbing power of the raw and activated clay was tested with methyl orange dye and the adsorption isotherms were modeled using Langmuir and Freundlich models. This study showed that the maximum adsorbed quantity of dye passes from 3.21 mg/g for the untreated raw clay to 4.29 mg/g for the activated clay irradiated 2 min under microwave at a power of 900 W and that the Langmuir model is the most adequate to describe the adsorption process.Graphical Abstract
Highlights
Adsorption technology is the most widely used technology for waste water treatment
Crude kaolinite-glauconite clay was active with hydrochloric acid for various times under variable microwave irradiation power
We report the hydrochloric acid (HCl) acid activation assisted by microwave irradiation of crude kaolinite-glauconite clay
Summary
Adsorption technology is the most widely used technology for waste water treatment It was justified by several reasons including simplicity of design, rapidity, high efficiency and profitability. This is a very proven technology for removing contaminants of different nature (heavy metals, organic molecules, dyes, etc.), it presents a major limitation to its application, which is the cost of the adsorbent [1,2,3,4]. Glauconite structure is characterized by interstratifications of expandable and non-expandable (10Å) layer (McRae, 1972) and low charge [8,9] Some clays, such as, exhibit low reactivity and need so some modifications to enhance their reactivities. Several modification processes (acid activation, thermal treatment, pillaring, organic functionalization...) have been proposed in order to obtain the desired properties [7, 10,11,12]
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