Environmental and Health Impact of Heavy Metal Accumulation in (Hair - Nails) of Scavenger Workers at Some Landfill Sites in Baghdad City-Iraq

Abstract

Background: Heavy metals are considered one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants due to their high toxicity, even at low concentrations, and their accumulation in various body tissues. Landfills contain various wastes rich in heavy metals, such as batteries, paints, and household and hospital waste, making them a major source of air, soil, and groundwater pollution. Objective: To analyze the level of accumulation of heavy metals in hair and nail samples of waste collectors. Material and method: Five main landfill sites in the city of Baghdad were chosen to collect hair and nail samples from waste collectors of both sexes for the winter and summer seasons to analyze the levels of metal concentrations (lead, cadmium, nickel, zinc, and copper). And the use of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Results: Higher concentrations of lead, copper, and nickel were found in nail samples during the summer compared to the winter, indicating an increased risk of exposure to them. While zinc accumulation was much greater in winter samples. Conclusions The results highlight the health risks faced by landfill workers. A need to develop tailored strategies to control exposure to these emissions based on weather conditions and priority metals of concern identified through regular biological monitoring.