Environmental and Behavioral Factors in Malaria Endemic and Non- Endemic Villages of Jampea Island Districts, Selayar Island Regency Indonesia

Abstract

Jampea Island is included in the malaria intermediate endemic area, but this area is interested to study because there are 3 villages without malaria cases for the last three years. The aims of the study were to determine the difference in the physical environment and social behavior of malaria endemic and non-endemic villages in Jampea Island, Selayar Island Regency. This study was observational with cross sectional study design. The study was conducted in the village with endemic status, Bontobaru village and non-endemic, Ujung village. Respondents were 110 households. Data were analyzed proportional discrepancy test and logistic regression. The result of proportional discrepancy test identified the value of variables of water puddle, shrubs, ceiling, wall type, floor type, the use of wire netting, and evenings go out habit was p<0.05 which indicated a difference between malaria endemic and non-endemic villages in the Jampea Island. Based on logistic regression test, in endemic areas p-value of puddle variable was p<0,05, and in non-endemic areas evenings out behavior variables was p<0,05. Anopheles sp. larvae species found on the Jampea island were An. vagus, An. supbictus, An. indefinitus, and An. barbirostis. This study concluded that there were differences, the presence of puddle and shrubs was the most influential factors in endemic areas, while in non-endemic areas the behavior factor of going out at night was the most influential.