Environment influence on the physiological and productive genotypes indicators in Tajikistan republic different zones

Abstract

The success of breeding largely depends on the availability of a genetically diverse source material with a broad response to changing environmental conditions, its study and proper screening, as well as the identification of new sources of valuable traits and properties among ecologically remote agroecotypes that enrich the genetic potential of domestic varieties. When creating more advanced varieties that can increase the efficiency of agriculture, a special place is given to the combination of traditional breeding methods using the genetic and physiological systems of plants that contribute to the creation of high-yielding genotypes of cotton. This is due to the fact that the genotype is realized at the physiological level, and the possibilities of selection based on empirical experience and intuition are exhausted - along with huge achievements (the contribution of the variety to the formation of the crop in many countries of the world has become 30...60 %), its development has recently been marked by pronounced negative trends, characterized, in particular, by a decrease in the resistance of plants to environmental stress and a deterioration in the quality of the products obtained. The article presents the results physiological characteristics of studies as a priority direction for increasing the productivity of cotton growing. The role of the growth of number of leaves per plant as photosynthetic activity and compensatory mechanisms, elements of the crop structure in the process of breeding new varieties and lines of medium-fiber cotton during their cultivation in various ecological zones of the Republic of Tajikistan is shown.